Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters P01-010: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE STRESSES ON PROTEIN EXPRESSION IN DIFFERENT ORGANS OF ZEA MAYS L SEEDLINGS IN EARLY STAGES OF VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT Kosakivska, I.* - Rasevich, I. Institute of Botany National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine *Corresponding author, e-mail: lgkos@ukrpost.ua Using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), we demonstrate that moderate heat (2h. +400C) and cold (2h.+20C) stresses resulted in qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of soluble proteins in different organs of 72-hour maize seedlings. Under stress conditions, we observed an elevated expression of a 75 kDa polypeptide from the Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 family, and the formation of new polypeptides from the HSP 60 family, namely: a 61 kDa protein in the leaves, a 62 kDa protein in the mesocotyl, and a 64 kDa protein in the roots. A comparison of changes in HSP protein expression profile in maize seedlings to those of Phaseolis vulgaris L, obtained previously under analogous conditions, revealed marked differences between monocotyledons (maize) and dicotyledons (common bean). Monocotyledons with C4 carbon fixation (maize) possess characteristic constitutional stress proteins, which maintain stable protein expression profiles. C3 dicotyledons (common bean), on the other hand, rely primarily on inducible polypeptides. We discuss the defensive role of stress proteins during early stages of vegetative development in plants. P01-011: INOSITOL-PHOSPHOLIPID SIGNALING CO- ORDINATES ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS ADAPTA- TION: FROM STRESS PERCEPTION IN PLASMA MEM- BRANE TO GENE EXPRESSION IN NUCLEI Levine, A.* - Kaey, Y. - Golani, Y. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem *Corresponding author, e-mail: AlexLevine@huji.ac.il Plants are able to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. The process requires removal of multiple proteins, lipids and other molecules and replacement with better suited ones. It involves many metabolic changes that require coordination of gene expression and membrane/protein trafficking. Plasma membrane is first barrier to outside conditions. It is ideally positioned for stress perception and inward signaling. Phosphatidylinositides (PtIns) were shown to regulate signaling by phosphorylation of specific sites in the inositol ring by specific kinases and phosphatases. We studied the role of PtdIns 5-phosphatases (5PTases) in salt and drought stress by reverse genetics. From 9 mutants tested, only 5ptase7 was sensitive. Surprisingly, it was more toleranto osmotic stress. Molecular analysis of stress responses showed reduced ROS production and Ca 2+ influx in cytosol and nuclei of the 5ptase7 mutants. They also showed reduced endocytosis and salt-responsive gene expression. 5PTase7 localizes in plasma membrane and nucleus, in line with the locations of ROS production, endocytosis, gene expression. The regulation of abiotic stress by 5PTases, described here, is in accord with PtdIns 3-kinase activity; described before. Taken together, our results show that PtdIns coordinate plant stress responses on several levels: by affecting ROS production, endocytosis and gene expression, through regulation of membrane and protein trafficking. P01-012: USE OF CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE IMAGING IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH Calatayud, A.* - Gorbe, E. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias *Corresponding author, e-mail: calatayud_ang@gva.es The technique of chlorophyll fluorescence, which has been traditionally based on point measurements, has been successfully used in the evaluation of plant photosynthetic activity with the advantages of being rapid, non-destructive and inexpensive. However, it has the disadvantage of ignoring the typical heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity over the leaf surface. To overcome this source or errors, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) has been developed to permit the study of the spatialtemporal heterogeneities in the fluorescence emission pattern within cells, leaves or plants. CFI has been used in agricultural research for several purposes, mainly for the diagnosis of biotic or abiotic stresses in both preharvest and postharvest conditions. For example, CFI has been used for the early identification of genotypes with high tolerance to stress, due to its high potential to detect stresses before visual symptoms appear and to its capacity of screening a large number of plants simultaneously. This work provides an overview of the contribution of CFI in agricultural research and, more specifically, in the detection of abiotic stresses (due to nutrient deficiency, water deficit, extreme temperatures, excessive light intensity, herbicides or air pollution) and biotic stress (caused by different pathogens) during preharvest conditions and during postharvest life of fruits and flowers. P01-013: SCREENING OF TURKISH BREAD WHEAT VA- RIETIES FOR THE PRESENCE OF DURABLE DISEASE RESISTANT GENE, Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 Yildirim, K.* - Atici, E. - Akkaya, M.S. - Boylu, B. METU *Corresponding author, e-mail: ykubilay@metu.edu.tr Rust diseases of wheat are among the oldest and important diseases of wheat worldwide. Development of resistant wheat cultivars, which is the main objective for many breeding program, is the most economical and environmentally safe control measure. Wheat cultivars that carry durable or race-nonspecific resistance are identified. Inheritance of this resistance indicates that these cultivars often carry a few slow rusting gene locus that have small-to-intermediate effects on fungal pathogens. Oneof these gene loci, Lr34/Yr18/Pm38, is found to confer partial and durable resistance against the rust pathogens as well as powdery mildew. This important resistance was found to be controlled by a single gene, which encodes an adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter (ABC-transporter) of the pleiotropic drug resistance subfamily. Alleles of resistant and susceptible cultivars differed by only three sequence polymorphisms, which enable researchers to develop five allele-specific markers based on a 3 bp deletion in exon 11 of the Lr34-gene, and another marker from a single nucleotide polymorphism in exon 12. In this study, 62 different Turkish bread wheat cultivars were screened by the gene specific molecular markers, developed from those Lr34 gene mutation sites. The 14 cultivars determined to posses the gene. This is the first screening of Turkish cultivars for the presence of these genes. The gene now can be affectively used for marker assisted selections in breeding improved varieties. P01-014: EVALUATION MYCORRHIZAL ASSOCIA- TION FORMED BY FUNGI ISOLATED FROM POLISH ECOSYSTEMS WITH CRANBERRY CV. ‘PILGRIM’, USING CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORESCENCE METHODT Borkowska, B.* - Krzewinska, D. Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture *Corresponding author, e-mail: Bozenna.Borkowska@insad.pl Cranberry cultivars are originated from Vaccinium macrocarpon (Ait), genus native to North America. Cranberry, requires a specific fungal partner for developing mycorrhizal association, desired for growth and fruiting. Thus, finding fungi from polish ecosystems which are able to develop mycorrhizal symbiosis with American cultivars was the purpose of presented experiments. Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChF) provides an opportunity for ecophysiological research through the analysis of the changes in activity of photosynthetic apparatus, under stress conditions. As mycorrhization is recognized as biotic stress, measurements of P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology ChF could help to determine response of host plants to inoculated fungi. Rooted microshoots were inoculated in 2006 year. Spring 2007 they were transplanted into the field. Each year (until 2009), ChF was measured using MINI-PAM fluorometer. Morphological response and later on, yielding were also measured. On the base of ChF measurements and morphological evaluation we concluded: • Fungi isolated from Vaccinium spp. growing in polish ecosystems were able to form mycorrhizal symbiosis with V. macrocarpon, genus native to North America. • Among multiple ChF parameters, ETR and qP were the most suitable to assess host plant response to symbiotic fungi. • At beginning, fungi played a role of partial parasites, decreasing photosynthetic activity of host plants. • Mycorrhizal symbiosis established only in the third year of plants growth in the field. Values ETR and qP were higher for mycorrhized plants than non-mycorrhized. Acknowledgement The experiments were conducted within the framework of a project No DPN/N83/COST/2009 P01-015: EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT FROM DRY OLIVE RESIDUE (ADOR) ON THE PHYSIOLOGY OF TOMATO PLANTS: OXIDATIVE STRESS AND CHANGE IN THE ANTIOXIDANTS SYSTEMS García Sánchez M* - Aranda, E. - Reina, R. - Ocampo, J.A. - Garcia-Romera, I. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas *Corresponding author, e-mail: mercedes.garcia@eez.csic.es The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of aqueous extracts of dry olive mill residue (ADOR), non treated and treated with saprobe fungi, in the physiology of Solanum lycopersicum plants in order to recycle dry olive residue for fertilizers. In addition, we tried to determine if the ADOR use enhanced lipid peroxidation (MDA) and H 2 O 2 levels and induced changes on antioxidant systems: Superoxido Dismutase (SOD), Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) and Glutatione Reductase (GR). ADOR, obtained by orbital-shaking of dry olive residue, was used as the growth medium of the following fungi: Coriolopsis rigida and Penicillium chrysogenum. ADOR treated and not treated with saprobe fungi at 5% dose were applied to tomato plants during 4, 10 and 30 days. We observed that treated and non treated ADOR with saprobe fungi induces higher MDA and H 2 O 2 levels on roots and leaves of tomato plants after 4 and 10 days of exposure. However, after 30 days of exposure, MDA and H 2 O 2 levels only increased in response to non treated ADOR. On roots, after 4 and 10 days of exposure, we observed an increase in APX and GR activities whereas, on leaves, the increase was found on SOD, APX and GR activities. After 30 days of exposure we observed an increase in APX and SOD on roots and leaves of tomato plants. We concluded that ADOR induces an oxidative stress through the generation of ROS and activates the antioxidant system of tomato plants. However, we observed that the treatment of ADOR with saprobe fungi palliated this effect mainly in a long-term exposition due to the bioremediation effect by these fungi. P01-016: USE OF REDOX-SENSING ROGFP1 FOR MO- NITORING REDOX CHANGES IN THE CYTOSOL AND MITOCHONDRIA IN WATER STRESSED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS Brossa Gonzalez, R. 1 * - Jubany-Marí, T. 1 - Alegre Batlle, L. 1 - Jiang, K. 2 - Feldman, L. J. 2 1 Universitat de Barcelona 2 University of California, Berkeley *Corresponding author, e-mail: rbrossa@ub.edu Water deficit can induce redox changes in plant cell compartments and therefore maintenance of redox homeostasis is one of the plant’s mechanisms to cope with stress. Knowledge of where redox changes occur, and their kinetics and magnitude, is crucial to understanding the responses of plants to environmental stress. The expression of Reduction-Oxidation Green Fluorescent Proteins (roGFP1) in plants has become a useful tool as it provides in vivo direct measurement of redox state, as well as dynamic measurements over the time and in different intracellular locations.Real-time measurements of redox state in A.thaliana plants under a drought stress treatment were reported. For this effort seeds of A.thaliana ecotype Col-0 were transformed with roGFP1 which was expressed either in the cytosol (c-roGFP1) or in the mitochondria (m-roGFP1). Five-week-old plants of the two transformed lines were subjected to two irrigation treatments: Well watered (WW), and Water stressed (WS). The time course of leaf water relations, content of reduced and oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione, and cytosolic and mitochondrial leaf redox state (measured using c-roGFP1 and m-roGFP1) were monitored.In this work changes in the redox state were reported in both the cytosol and mitochondria of leaf cells during the time course of drought stress. As the plant became more dehydrated the redox state of the leaf cytosol became more oxidized compared to its initial redox state. However, the mitochondria of WS plants decreased their redox potential (becoming less oxidized) with increasing periods of WS. This suggests that under WS the cellular compartments respond differently (presumably adaptively) to WS, exhibiting an enhanced protection against oxidative stress in mitochondria. P01-017: REDOX CHANGES DURING COLD ACCLI- MATION IN WHEAT GENOTYPES WITH DIFFERENT FREEZING TOLERANCE Kocsy, G* - Soltész, A. - Tímár, I. - Kellos, T. - Vashegyi, I. - Szalai, G. - Galiba, G. Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences *Corresponding author, e-mail: kocsyg@mail.mgki.hu The aim of the present study was to find out whether redox changes induced by cold hardening are related to freezing tolerance and vernalization requirement in a specific genetic system containing chromosome 5A substitution lines. The amounts of H2O2 and ascorbate, the ratio of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate exhibited a rapid transient increase in the crown, followed by a gradual increase during the subsequent two weeks. The amount of glutathione (GSH) and its ratio to glutathione disulphide (GSSG) first decreased, while later increased. The H2O2 (measured in crown extract and visualized by fluorescence staining in the shoot apex), ascorbate and GSH concentrations, the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate and GSH/GSSG ratios and the half-cell reduction potential of the GSH/GSSG couple were higher in the freezing-tolerant genotype and the corresponding substitution line than in the sensitive genotypes during the second half of the hardening period. In contrast to H2O2 and the non-enzymatic antioxidants, the lipid peroxide concentration and the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes studied, exhibited a transient increase during the first week, with no significant difference between the genotypes. While the observed redox changes correlated with freezing tolerance in the crowns, they were independent from the vegetative/generative transition state monitored by the apex morphology and the vernalization gene expression. This work was supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund and the National Office for Research and Technology (NKTH-OTKA K67906 and K68894). P01-018: OSBADH1 IS POSSIBLY INVOLVED IN THE OXIDATION OF ACETALDEHYDE IN RICE PEROXISO- MES Mitsuya, S.* - Yokota, Y. - Fujiwara, T. - Takabe, T. Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University *Corresponding author, e-mail: mitsuya@agr.nagoya-u.ac.jp
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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