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03 - S - Selected Abstracts for Oral Presentations cules and transcriptional factors (TFs). In order to identify TFs and gene networks involved in AR development in Populus trichocarpa, we have carried out a series of genome-wide transcript profilings during the development of AR. Aintegumenta–like TFs (PtANTs) are dramatically upregulated during primordium formation and root emergence, suggesting a role for this TFs in AR formation. The differential expression of PtANTs has been validated by qPCR. Poplar transgenic lines over-expressing PtANT1 showed an increased capacity in AR formation compared to the wild-type confirming the importance of ANT TFs in AR development. The function of this gene in the root formation will be discussed. This research project is funded by the European project ENER- GYPOPLAR, the Région Lorraine Research Council (Project FORBOIS), and the French National Space Agency (CNES). S07-001: COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN GENES IN THE EXTREMOPHYTE THELLUNGIELLA SALSUGI- NEA: IDENTIFICATION AND DIFFERENTIAL EXPRES- SION Taranov, V. * - Berdnikova, M. - Nosov, A. - Galkin, A. - Babakov, A. All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences *Corresponding author e-mail: v.taranov1@gmail.com Four genes encoding cold shock domain (CSD) proteins have been identified in salt cress [Thellungiella salsuginea (halophila), an extremophyte currently recognized as a promising model for studying stress tolerance]. The deduced proteins prove highly homologous to those of Arabidopsis thaliana (up to 95% identity) and are accordingly enumerated TsCSDP1--TsCSDP4; after the N-proximal conserved CSD, they have respectively 6, 2, 7, and 2 zinc finger motifs evenly spaced by Gly-rich stretches. Much lower similarity (~45%) is observed in the regions upstream of TATA-box promoters of TsCSDP1 vs. AtCSP1, with numerous distinctions in the sets of identifiable cis-regulatory elements. Plasmid expression of TsCSDP1 (like AtCSP1/3) rescues a coldsensitive csp-lacking mutant of E. coli, confirming that the protein is functional. In leaves of salt cress plants under normal conditions, the mRNA levels for the four TsCSDPs relate as 10:27:1:31. Chilling to 4°C markedly alters the gene expression; the 4-day dynamics are different for all four genes and quite dissimilar from those reported for their Arabidopsis homologues under comparable conditions. Thus, the much greater cold hardiness of Thellungiella vs. Arabidopsis cannot be explained by structural distinctions of its CSDPs, but rather may be due to expedient regulation of their expression at low temperature. S07-002: TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS OF A M. TRUN- CATULA SALT-ADAPTED GENOTYPE REVEALED AN APETALA2- DEPENDENT PATHWAY ASSOCIATED TO ROOT GROWTH UNDER SALT STRESS Zahaf, O.¹* - Blanchet S.² - de Zélicourt, A.¹ - Alunni, B. - de Lorenzo, L.4 - Imbeaud, S.5 - Ichanté, J.L.5 - Diet, A.¹ - Plet, J.¹ - Badri, M.6 - Delacroix, H.4 - Frugier, F.¹ - Crespi, M.¹ ¹ISV CNRS ²CEA ³IBP 4 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Sevilla 5 DNA MicroArray Platform and Centre de Génétique Moléculaire, CNRS 6 Laboratoire des Interactions Légumineuses-Microorganismes *Corresponding author e-mail: ons.zahaf@isv.cnrs-gif.fr Evolutionary diversity can be driven by the interaction of plants with different environments. Global molecular bases involved in these ecological adaptations can be explored using genomic tools. Legumes due to their capacity to establish symbiotic associations are able to grow in nitrogen poor soils and are major crops worldwide. As soil salinity is a major stress in legumes, we compared the root transcriptomes of two M. truncatula genotypes having contrasting responses to salt stress. The genotype TN1.11, isolated from salty Tunisian soils, shows increased root growth and symbiotic nodulation under salt stress when compared to the reference model legume M. truncatula Jemalong A17. Genomic analysis revealed specific gene clusters differentially regulated by salt in the TN1.11 genotype. Among those, functional clustering of regulatory pathways pointed to a link with auxin and, accordingly, TN1.11 and A17 roots show a differential response to this phytohormone. In addition, several transcription factors (TFs) were differentially regulated between the two genotypes and 6 TF genes were over-expressed in roots of the Jemalong A17 genotype. Overexpression of an APETALA2-type transcription factor, regulated by auxin and ABA, conferred a significant increase in root growth under salt stress conditions. Hence, an APETALA-2 pathway may play a critical role in the adaptation of M. truncatula to saline soil environments. S07-003: THE ARABIDOPSIS VACUOLAR ANION TRANSPORTER, ATCLCC, IS INVOLVED IN THE RE- GULATION OF STOMATAL MOVEMENTS AND SALT TOLERANCE Leonhardt, N.¹* - Kroniewicz, L.¹ - Jossier, M. - Dalmas, F.¹ - Le thiec, D. - Barbier-Brygoo, H.² - Ephritikhine, G.² - Filleur, S. ² ¹CEA Cadarache-IBEB-LEMS ²CNRS ³INRA *Corresponding author e-mail: nathalie.leonhardt@cea.fr In plants, the main function of chloride transport is the net salt accumulation responsible for the high cell turgor, involving the creation and maintenance of a large vacuolar volume. In recent years, various plant chloride channels and transporters have been identified to be involved in specific function such as plant nutrition, stomatal movement, and metal tolerance. In addition, plant chloride channels play a predominant role in signal perception and transduction since a large number of signals such as pathogen-derived elicitor or hormones induce membrane depolarization by stimulating anion efflux. In this study, we report for the first time evidence that a member of the CLC family in Arabidopsis thaliana, AtCLCc, plays an important role in stomatal movements and salt tolerance. The AtCLCc protein is localized to the tonoplast and AtCLCc is highly expressed in guard cell and up-regulated by ABA and salt treatment in the whole plant. Four T-DNA mutants in AtCLCc of two ecotypes (WS and Col-0) are impaired in light-induced stomatal opening and ABAinduced stomatal closing. These alterations are associated to modifications in chloride content in guard cells. Concomitantly, the clcc mutants exhibit a hypersensitive phenotype to salt stress compared to wild-type. Our recent data on the role of AtCLCc in salt tolerance and stomatal movement will be presented and the importance of the chloride in these processes will be discussed. S07-004: ROLE OF SOS1 IN POTASSIUM NUTRITION Tello, C.* - de Luca, A. - Leidi, E.O. - Pardo, J.M.- Quintero, F.J. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla *Corresponding author e-mail: ctello@irnase.csic.es Potassium nutrition is vital for plants, since this cation plays a major role in plant growth, stomatal movements, enzyme activation and osmoregulation. SOS1, a plasma membrane Na + /H + antiporter which determines sodium homeostasis in saline conditions, was first described as an essential locus for potassium acquisition, as sos1 plants are unable to grow under low potassium conditions. However, biochemical and transport assays in SOS1 showed this protein is highly specific for Na + and doesn’t transport K + or other monovalent cations. The role of SOS1 in potassium uptake has been thus thought to be indirect, by preventing inhibition of potassium channels, such as AKT1, by sodium. This hypothesis was tested in our study by growing sos1 and akt1 S
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology mutants under controlled sodium and potassium conditions. When grown under low potassium levels, sos1 growth was severely affected but only if the medium contained sodium. Removal of sodium abrogated the potassium phenotype. Growth of akt1 mutant was reduced at low potassium levels but not affected by sodium at the low concentration of this cation used in the experiment. Moreover, an akt1 sos1 double mutant behaved like akt1 single mutant in normal conditions but, when sodium was added to the medium, growth was reduced compared to that of sos1 and akt1 single mutants in all the potassium concentrations tested. Our results shed light on the interaction of both SOS1 and AKT1 in potassium nutrition. S08-001: EFFECTS OF SALICYLIC ACID ON PHOTOS- YNTHESIS Janda, K.¹* - Hideg, É.² - Janda, T.³ - Szalai, G.³ - Kovács, L.² ¹University of Szeged ²Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences ³Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences *Corresponding author e-mail: gumimacihu@yahoo.co.uk Salicylic acid (SA) is a phenolic phytohormone with important roles in plant development, transpiration, endogenous signalling and defence against pathogens. One of the pathways of SA biosynthesis is located in the chloroplasts. The aim of the present work was to investigate the possible regulatory effects of SA on the photosynthetic electron transport processes. Here we show that SA also affects leaf photosynthesis, via inducing stomatal closure and also by slowing down Photosystem (PS) II electron transport. Photosynthetic CO 2 incorporation, and stomatal conductivity (measured with an infrared gas analyser) were much lower in SA-infiltrated tobacco leaves than in untreated or water-infiltrated controls. Data of tobacco and pea leaves show that PS II electron transport (calculated from PAM chlorophyll fluorescence data) was more sensitive to SA than PS I (measured with far red absorption). Direct probing of PS II charge separation and stabilization (measured with thermoluminescence), however, showed that these events were less affected in isolated thylakoid membranes than in leaves, suggesting that the effect of SA on PS II is indirect and different from that of phenolic herbicides. Our data also suggest that the effects of SA may differ in different plant species. S08-002: MONITORING CHLOROPHYLL A FLUORES- CENCE IN ARABIDOPSIS PLANTS AFTER CITRAL TREATMENT Sotelo Pérez, T. * - Graña, E. - Reigosa, M.J. - Sánchez-Moreiras, A.M. University of Vigo *Corresponding author e-mail: tamaras@uvigo.es Imaging of chlorophyll a fluorescence has been recognized as a valuable, non-invasive technique for the investigation of photosynthesis and the detection of stress in plants1. Fluorescence emission allows to estimate effective PSII quantum yield Y(II); quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y(NPQ), quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation Y(NO), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qL), coefficient of nonphotochemical quenching (qN), maximal PSII quantum yield (Fv/Fm) and electron transport rate (ETR). The knowledge of these parameters allows estimate how plant metabolism copes with environmental constrains. Citral is an essential oil known to show anti-microbial, anti-insecticide and anti-tumoral activity. The previously demonstrated toxicity on other organisms suggests the potential of this compound on weed control. However, this plant secondary metabolite has been never assayed on plants. Therefore we decided to investigate the phytotoxic activity and the mode of action of Citral on plant metabolism. Arabidopsis plants were sprayed or watered for 21 days with different citral concentrations. Our results showed a decrease for the two treatments in effective PSII quantum yield confirmed by an increase in Y(NO), while no significant change occurred in Y(NPQ). However, spraying affected Fv/Fm and ETR in a very effectiveway. The results of photosynthetic activity, growth rate, pigment content and total proteins suggest a general reduction of the metabolism in citral-watered plants, while the results obtained for spraying could be suggesting more direct by-contact damage. In conclusion, citral appears as a plant growth regulator with potential as bioherbicide. 1 Oxborough K (2004) J. Exp. Bot., 55:1195-1205. S08-003: IN VIVO CYTOCHROME AND ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY RESPIRATION IN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS WITH ALTERED ALTERNATIVE PATHWAY CAPACITY UNDER LOW AND HIGH LIGHT CONDI- TIONS Florez-Sarasa, I.¹* - Flexas, J.¹ - Umbach, A.L.² - Siedow, J.N.² - Gallé, A.¹ - Ribas-Carbo, M.¹ ¹Universitat de les Illes Balears ²Duke University *Corresponding author e-mail : igor.florez@uib.es Plant respiration is characterised by the existence of a cyanideinsensitive respiratory pathway, alternative to the cytochrome respiratory pathway. Alternative oxidase (AOX) activity is thought to be regulated by several factors: a) inter-disulfide bond, b) α-ketoacids interaction c) AOX protein expression. Arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered levels of AOX protein (AtAOX1a antisense, AS-12 and overexpressor, XX-2) as well as wild type Columbia 0 plants (Col-0) were grown under low light conditions (80 μmol quanta m-2 s-1) and moved to high light (800 μmol quanta m-2 s-1) for 2 hours. The alternative pathway capacity was different between lines while no differences were observed on total respiration neither on electron partitioning through alternative pathway (τa) under low light. However, when plants were exposed to high light for 2 hours, τa in AS-12 plants decreased while no changes were observed in Col-0 and XX-2 plants. Despite changes on τa in AS-12 under high light conditions, effects on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were similar in all 3 lines. In vivo regulation of the mitochondrial electron partitioning in relation to AOX expression levels under photoinhibitory conditions will be discussed. S08-004: STOMATAL DENSITY LINKED TO LEAF IN- TERNAL CO 2 CONCENTRATION Santrucek, J.¹ - Vaskova, M.¹ - Tomsickova, J.¹ - Simkova, M. - Hronkova, M.² - Kveton, J.¹ - Vrabl, D.¹ - Schreiber, L.³ ¹Univ. South Bohemia ²BC, Inst. Plant Mol. Biol. ³Univ. Bonn, ICMB Stomata are hydraulically controlled pores between two guard cells in epidermis allowing gas, primarily water vapor and CO 2 , exchange between plants and atmosphere. It was recently shown that number of stomata per unit of leaf area, stomatal density SD, changed with changing atmospheric CO 2 concentration, c a , over geologic time. SD is used as a proxy for paleo-CO 2 reconstructions. However the SD/c a proportionality factor, estimated from glasshouse cultivation data or leaf remains, is affected also by light, air humidity, drought and other environmental factors. Moreover, stomata evolve in an early stage when the folded leaf is sheathed or covered by other leaves primordia evolving local massive flux of respiratory CO 2 . This doubts the role of ambient CO 2 as an exclusive environmental factor controlling SD. Here, we show results of cultivation
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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