Book of Abstracts - Geyseco

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P - Posters nez, M.S. 4 - Morales, D. 4 - Olano, J.M. 5 - García-Plazaola, J.I. 1 1 University Of Basque Country 2 Universidad de Sevilla 3 UNAM-León 4 Universidad de La Laguna 5 Universidad de Valladolid *Corresponding author, e-mail: raquel.esteban@ehu.es Mangrove forests are worldwide distributed in tropical and subtropical shores. Several tree species co-exist in this environment displaying different strategies to cope with salinity. One of them, the black mangrove (Avicennia germinans L), excretes salt taken up by roots through specialised glands located in leaves. As a consequence, at noon when relative humidity is low, leaves become whitish because of the deposition of salt crystals that liquate again at the end of the day. As mangrove ecosystems are exposed to strong light the reversible formation of crystals during periods of strong photoprotective demand could have a photoprotective role for leaves, as light intensity intercepted by photosynthetic tissues is attenuated. It was therefore the objective of this study to verify this hypothesis. Experiments were performed in Juan Venado Island Nature Reserve (Nicaragua) in both dry (November) and rainy seasons (August). Salt was removed from one half of the leaves and both parts were compared. In August no differences were observed in any of the physiological parameters analysed, but in the dry season, when crystal deposition is more conspicuous, leaves with salt showed higher photochemical efficiency during the afternoon, indicating higher photodamage in exposed leaves. Furthermore, salty leaves showed a tendency to have higher values of Photochemical Reflectance Index, which indicates that more photons are used photosynthetically. Thus, the ability of A. germinans leaves to excrete the absorbed salt, apart from contributing to osmoregulation, may represent a photoprotective mechanism that generates dynamic changes in leaf reflectance, making it more tolerant to extreme conditions of the mangrove ecosystem. P01-067: EFFECT OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN PI- SUM SATIVUM AND LUPINUS LUTEUS PLANTS UN- DER SOIL DROUGHT Skrzypek, E. 1 * - Czyczylo-Mysza, I. 1 - Marcinska, I. 1 - Waligorski, P. 1 - Dziurka, K. 1 - Dziurka, M. 1 - Stawicka, A. 1 - Dubert, F. 1 - Plazek, A. 2 - Koscielniak, J. 2 1 The F. Gorski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences 2 Department of Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture *Corresponding author, e-mail: skrzypek@ifr-pan.krakow.pl Increase in phenolic compounds biosynthesis have been observed in a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Legume species showed high ability to endure intense dehydratation and return to normal turgor after soil rehydratation. The aim of the investigation was to determine the drought resistance diversity in chosen genotypes of yellow lupine and pea cultivated in Poland. Influence of soil drought on changes of plants growth, leaf water content, endogenous level of phenolics in pea and lupine genotypes were compared. Plants were grown in 4.5 l pots with soil (70% of soil field water capacity, FWC) during the late spring and early summer time in the open-air shelter. Drought stress (25% FWC) was subjected to the plants for 14 days, when the plants were after flowering phase. After stress treatment plants were well watered and recovery of their vitality was observed. Drought differentiated, dependently on the genotype, seedlings growth and leaves injury. Leaf water content (lower under drought stress than in control) and endogenous level of phenolics (higher under stressed plants) allowed to select tolerant and susceptible pea and lupine genotypes. Research funded by grant 621/N-COST/09/2010/0 P01-068: COLD-INDUCED CHANGES OF CELL WALL STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION IN TRITICALE LI- NES THAT ARE SENSITIVE OR RESISTANT TO FUN- GAL PATHOGEN MICRODOCHIUM NIVALE Szechynska-Hebda, M. 1 * - Hebda, M. 2 - Wedzony, M. 1 1 Institute of Plant Physiology PAS 2 Institute of Material Engineering CUT *Corresponding author, e-mail: szechynska@wp.pl The work was based on the observation that exposure of triticale seedlings to cold promotes their resistance to infection with the fungal pathogen Microdochium nivale. Since, the expression of resistance is dependent on the plant genotype, two lines, namely Hewo (pathogen-tolerant) and Magnat (pathogen-sensitive) were used in the study of the cell wall properties during cold harvesting. Two types of plant resistance are suggested: resistance to the establishment of the initial infection and resistance to hyphal invasion through the plant tissue. The physiological and chemical state of the cell wall, brought by their exposure to cold determined the resistance efficiency of both types. The first type of resistance we studied using coupling techniques: TG, DSC and QMS. We showed that the expression of plant resistance strongly depend on the cell wall structure and composition. The signal was assigned using model substances. In this way we showed that pectin was degraded first, then hemicellulose, cellulose and finally lignin. Different thermal behavior was found between the cell wall components of Hewo and Magnat treated with cold. The peaks, assigned to the cellulose and lignin thermal decomposition, occurred at a different temperature and had remarkably differences in the shape of the curves. It can be explained by the different amount of cellulose and lignin and its different thermal stability. The second type of resistance was confirmed by physiological tests. Resistant plant responded defensively to hyphae invasion with the events at the place of the first contact: callose deposition for surrounding the necks of invasion hyphae and generation of H 2 O 2 by cell wall peroxidases. The research was supported by a projects: 595/N-COST/2009/0 and MERG-CT-2007-207350. P01-069: TOLERANCE OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA PLANTS TO THE ALLELOCHEMICAL PROTOCATE- CHUALDEHYDE (PCA) Reigosa, M.* - Martínez-Peñalver, A. - Sánchez-Moreiras, A.M. University of Vigo *Corresponding author, e-mail: mreigosa@uvigo.es Protocatechualdehyde (PCA), is a phenolic compound found in many plant organs of different species (stems of Ilex litseaefolia, roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza, leaves of Vitis vinifera, etc). This plant secondary metabolite has many beneficial effects for human health as anticarcinogenic, anticoagulant, etc (Zhou et al., 2005). However, there are very few studies evaluating its role as allelochemical. Reigosa and Pazos-Malvido (2007) showed the phytotoxic capacity of PCA during root growth and germination, but we have found no experiments in the literature, either short or long term, with information about PCA phytotoxicity on adult plants. Therefore we studied the phytotoxicity of PCA on Arabidopsis plants, monitoring the effect by imaging chlorophyll a fluorescence, pigment content, concentration of free radicals (O 2 - and H 2 O 2 ), lipid peroxidation, total protein and glutathione transferase at various times during 8 days treatment. Photosynthetic efficiency and fluorescence emission values of PCA treated plants remained broadly in values close to control suggesting a non-phytotoxic effect of PCA. However, just minutes after the addition of the allelochemical oxidative burst was observed with increased values of O 2 - and H 2 O 2 . This burst was followed by a very significant increase of lipid peroxidation in the early hours of measurement. But plants were able to cope with PCA toxicity showing very low values of MDA content after 48 h treatment, as P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology a symptom of recovery. The values of antioxidant enzymes and the morphological change of the leaves with edges rolled inwards suggest stress tolerance mechanisms in the treated plants. Reigosa MJ, Pazos-Malvido E (2007) J Chem Ecol 33: 1456- 1466. Zhou Z, Liu Y, Miao AD, Wang SQ (2005) Eur J Pharmacol 513: 1-8. P01-070: SUBCELLULAR STUDY OF THE ENDOMEM- BRANE SYSTEM IN A TOBACCO BY-2 CELL LINE ADAPTED TO SALT STRESS. Olmos Aranda, E.* - Garcia de la Garma, J. - Fernandez-Garcia, N. CEBAS-CSIC *Corresponding author, e-mail: eolmos@cebas.csic.es Cell adaptation to high salinity levels implicates the modification of different cellular, physiological and molecular mechanisms. Recently, we have obtained a stable tobacco cell line adapted to grow at 250 mM of NaCl. Salt-adapted cells showed a lower relative growth than control cells. The morphology of salt-adapted cells was altered, cellular size was highly reduced and the cytoplasm showed abundant microvacuoles. To follow the endocytic pathway and its contribution to the formation of the microvacuoles in tobacco salt-adapted cell line, the FM4-64 dye and laser confocal microscopy has been used.The FM dyes have been widely used in tracking processes of membrane trafficking in eukaryotic organism. The amphiphilic character of FM4-64, the most commonly used FM dyes, allows us to analysis the dynamic of the endomembrane system. Cell labelling with FM4-64 during 2-3 hours, followed by 12-16 hours of culture, showed the main labelling in the tonoplast. When cells were labelled at short pulse of few minutes with FM4-64, the plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles were observed. Finally, the ultrastructure of control and adapted cell was also studied by transmission electron microscopy. P01-071: HSP70 EXPRESSION IN LYCOPERSICON SPP. IN RESPONSE TO ABIOTIC AND BIOTIC STRESSES AND THEIR COMBINATION Piterková, J.* - Luhová, L. - Petrivalský, M. - Matulková, Z. - Mieslerová, B. Palacky university, Faculty of science *Corresponding author, e-mail: jana.piterkova@seznam.cz Plants are daily exposed to biotic and abiotic stress factors, such as low and high temperature, heavy metals, UV radiation or pathogen attack. Exposure to stressful conditions leads to increased formation of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species, which include namely nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Temperature stress and other stresses cause protein denaturation or aggregation and cell death. Heat shock proteins are synthesized to regulate protein homeostasis and membrane fluidity and to prevent the cell death. The present work was conducted to examine the expression of Hsp70 in two Lycopersicon spp. caused by temperature stress, biotic stress (Oidium neolycopersici) and treatment with modulators of ROS and RNS concentration. Substances that modulate ROS and RNS concentration, like NO donor (GSNO), NO scavenger (PTIO) and inhibitor of NADPH oxidase (DPI) were tested. An increased production of Hsp70 protein was observed when Lycopersicon spp. were exposed to heat stress, whereas cold stress had no significant influence on the production of studied proteins. Two proteins of Hsp70 family with different molecular masses were detected: heat-inducible 72 kDa protein and constitutive 75 kDa protein. The pathogenesis or the application of modulators of ROS and RNS levels influenced the increased expression of Hsp75 protein. Correlation between ROS and RNS and Hsp70 expression was found. This research was supported by grants MSM 6198959215 and 522/08/H003 from Czech Grant Agency. P01-072: KESTOSES IN TABLE GRAPES DURING POS- THARVEST STORAGE Sanchez-Ballesta, M.* - Blanch, M. - Escribano, M.I. - Merodio, C. Instituto del Frio-CSIC *Corresponding author, e-mail: mballesta@if.csic.es Low temperature storage is one of the most effective technologies for extending the postharvest life of fruit and vegetables. Although Vitis vinifera is tolerant to chilling, activation of defence responses associated with storage at 0ºC has been reported in cv. Cardinal table grapes. Among the soluble carbohydrates, high relative sucrose levels are most often associated with increased cold hardiness in a wide range of plant species. Nevertheless, the effect of low temperature on fructan metabolism and accumulation in fruits are largely unknown. Fructans consist of a series of homologous oligo and polysaccharides of fructose which can be considered as derivatives of sucrose. The determination of kestose was carried out using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. In the present study, the levels of 1-kestose and neokestose were analyzed in grapes during low temperature storage at 0ºC with and without CO 2 treatment (20% CO 2 for 3 days) and further shelf-life at 20ºC. Our results indicate that low-temperature storage drastically increased levels of 1-kestose after 3 days, and a decrease in the abundance was observed after 12 days at the time of the increases in accumulation of neokestose. In CO 2 -treated grapes the accumulation of 1-kestose was smaller than in non-treated grapes. On the contrary, the highest level of neokestose was detected in CO 2 -treated grapes. The transfer to 20ºC after cold storage drastically decreased the levels of neokestose of both non-treated and CO 2 -treated grapes meanwhile an increase in the content of 1-kestose was recorded. These results provide new evidence that 1-kestose and neokestose appear to be related to the response of table grape to low temperature. P01-073: SALT STRESS RESPONSE IN ABSCISIC ACID AND SALICYLIC ACID MUTANTS OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA Asensi-Fabado, A.* - Munné-Bosch, S. Departament de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona *Corresponding author, e-mail: masensif@ub.edu Abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) modulate a variety of developmental processes in plants, from seed germination to senescence, as well as plant responses to abiotic stress. In the present study, we aimed at better understanding plant responses to salt stress in the model plant A. thaliana, with an emphasis on the interplay between SA and ABA. Different stress indicators (relative water contents, plant growth, Fv/Fm ratios and chlorophyll levels), as well as endogenous concentrations of phytohormones (cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, ABA, SA and jasmonic acid) were measured in SA- and ABA-deficient and insensitive (sid2, eds5, aba3 and abi4) A. thaliana mutants exposed to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) for 19 days. A deficiency in ABA (aba3 mutants) reduced the relative water contents in well-watered conditions, but showed smaller reductions in this parameter under salt stress compared to the wild type. This was associated with changes in plant growth. aba3 mutants grew less in well-watered conditions but showed smaller reductions in growth when exposed to salt stress compared to the wild type. Furthermore, these mutants maintained the F v /F m ratio above 0.80 throughout the study, while this parameter was reduced below 0.75 after 19 days of stress in the wild type. These effects were not observed neither in the abi4 mutant, which is insensitive to ABA nor in the sid2 and eds5 mutants, which are deficient and insensitive to SA, respectively. It is discussed here to what extent an altered hormonal balance explains the differences observed between mutants. However, it is noteworthy that maintenance of a constant F v /F m ratio under salt stress in the aba3 mutants is made at the expense of reducing plant growth under well-watered conditions.
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Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
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Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
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Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
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Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
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Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
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Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
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Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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