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P - Posters of Ni while concentrations of K, P, Ca, Cu, and Fe did not change in the same manner in all species and tissues. Ni concentration increased in treated plants and there was no statistically significant difference in Ni concentration between different genotypes. Research was financed by Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of Serbia (TR 20083). P18-005: ALUMINIUM HYPERRESISTANCE IN BRA- CHIARIA SPECIES Arroyave, C.* - Tolrà, R. – Barceló, J. – Poschenrieder, C. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona *Corresponding author e-mail: catyaq@gmail.com In recent years Brachiaria species (Poaceae), have gained increasing importance as pasture in tropical areas. Good feeding quality and high resistance to multiple environmental stress factors makes these plants with C4 type photosynthesis especially attractive and further breeding efforts are ongoing. High acid soil tolerance is a common feature of Brachiaria species. Here we report on the differences in Al tolerance of two Brachiaria species, B. decumbens and B brizantha. The hydroponic study using low ionic nutrient solution without Al supply or containing 100 to 400 μM Al (pH 4.2) revealed high Al tolerance in both species. However at 200 μM Al or higher clear species differences in Al tolerance were observed. After 72 hours in 200 μM Al (31.7 μM Al 3+ activity), B. brizantha exhibited a 43% inhibition of root elongation and alteration of root structure. Contrastingly, in B. decumbens inhibition of root elongation was only 20%. Root staining with haematoxylin, morin, or lumogallion revealed higher Al accumulation in the root tips of less Al tolerant B. brizantha than in the hypertolerant B. decumbens. Mineral analysis also confirmed better Al exclusion from roots in B. decumbens. However, this species translocated proportionally more Al to the shoots than B. brizantha. Phosphorus, Fe, and Mn concentrations were considerably more affected by Al in B. brizantha. In conclusion, both species are highly tolerant to both low pH and Al toxicity. The better performance of B. decumbens seems due to more efficient Al exclusion from the roots. Nonetheless this species also is quite tolerant to higher Al shoot concentrations. The mechanisms of Al tolerance in Brachiaria deserves further investigation. Acknowledgements: Supported by the Spanish Government BFU2007-60332/BFI. P18-006: K+ FOLIAR FERTILIZATION INCREASES NA+ EXCLUSION IN SUNFLOWER PLANTS Benlloch González, M.* - Fournier, J.M. – Benlloch, M. Agronomy Department. Cordoba University *Corresponding author e-mail: g72begom@uco.es Sodium is a toxic element for glycophytes. Most of glycophytes avoid sodium accumulation in the shoot by the exclusion mechanism. In sunflower plants it has been described that its capacity to exclude Na+ strongly depends on their potassium nutritional status: in normal K+ plants the exclusion mechanism operates properly. However, in starved K+ plants the root shows a lower capacity of Na+ exclusion. On the other hand it has been recently suggested that in the leaves of sunflower plants may exist a mechanism which enables the perception of the K+ status of the plant and triggers transduction processes governing water and K+ transport in the xylem. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the lower capacity to exclude Na+ observed in sunflower plants when they are starved in K+ is regulated by the K+ nutritional status of the shoot. The plants were watered regularly with nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of KCl. In this way, two types of plant were obtained: plants with normal K+ status and plants starved in K+ respectively. At the end of the growth period the KCl of the nutrient solution was replaced by NaCl (25 mM) and a foliar treatment of KCl was applied to 50 % of both types of plants. The salinity treatment favoured the accumulation of Na+ in the root of all plants, whereas in the shoot it only favoured its accumulation in those starved in K+. The K+ foliar treatment did not modified significantly the K+ content of the leaves, while it inhibited the accumulation of Na+ in the leaves of K+ starved plants, restoring partially the Na+ exclusion character in K+ starved sunflower plants. These results suggest that the perception of the K+ status of the plant by the leaves is involved in the regulation of the Na+ unload in the xylem of the root. P18-007: MOBILITY AND HYPERACCUMULATION OF MI- NERALS AND HEAVY METALS IN WILD MUSHROOMS Stihi, C.* - Radulescu, C. – Busuioc, G. – Popescu, V.I. – Gheboianu, A. Valahia University of Targoviste, Romania *Corresponding author e-mail: cstihi@yahoo.com The minerals and heavy metals play an important role in the metabolic processes, during the growth and development of mushrooms, when they are available in appreciable concentration. Inthis work the concentrations of Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Pb were analyzed using the Graphite Furnance Atomic Absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) together with Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) in 8 wild mushrooms and their growing soil, collected from various forestry fields in Dambovita County, Romania. The analysed mushrooms were: Amanita vaginata, Amanita rubescens, Amanita phalloides, Armillariella mellea, Armillariella tabescens, Agaricus campestris, Hypholoma fasciculare, Hypholoma pudorinus. The accumulation coeficients (AC) and mobility coeficients (MC) were calculated to asses the mobility of minerals and heavy metals from soil to mushrooms through different levels: level 1 (Soil-Stem) and level 2 (Stem-Cap). The data on accumulation and mobility of heavy metals such Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn ( in ascending order of acumulation) from soil to cap through stems, suggested that all the metals were highly mobile from soil to mushrooms components. P18-008: EFFECT OF EPIBRASSINOLIDE ON PIGMENT CONTENT IN EXCISED CUCUMBER COTYLEDONS Gören Sağlam, N.* İstanbul University *Corresponding author e-mail: gorenn@istanbul.edu.tr Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a new group of plant hormones with significant growth-promoting activity. BRs as plant hormones with pleiotropic effects as they influence varied developmental processes such as growth, seed germination, rhizogenesis, senescence, flowering, abscission, maturation and also confer resistance to plant against varies abiotic stresses. The most important role played by the brassinosteroids is their stimulation of the growth of coleoptile in monocotyl plants, and growth in the stem, petiole and flower stalks in dicotyl plants. The promotion of growth by BRs is due to both cell division and cell elongation. Brassinosteroids increase chlorophyll breakdown but inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Brassinosteroids are steroidal plant hormones that influence varied growth and development processes such as germination of seeds, flowering, senescence and abscission. In this study its effect was investigated on excised cotyledons of cucumber seedlings. The cucumber seedlings were grown in dark conditions for 9 days and then their etiolated cotyledons were harvested. Then, they were transferred into Petri dishes containing 10-7, 10-9 and 10-11 M epi-BL. Cotyledons were incubated for 14 hours in the dark at room temperature, then they were incubated in light period for 3 hours. Chlorophyll, carotenoid content, protein amount and peroxidase (POD) activity in the cotyledons was examined. P
FESPB 2010 - XVII Congress of the Federation of European Societies of Plant Biology P18-009: THE SIGNAL ROLE OF NITRATE IMPROVING THE GROWTH OF AMMONIUM-FED WHEAT PLANTS INVOLVES THE ROOT TO SHOOT REDISTRIBUTION OF THE MAIN PHYTO-REGULATORS. Grcia-Mna, J.* - Garnica, M. - Houdusse, F. - Zamarreño, AM. - Yvin, JC. R&D Roullier Group *Corresponding author e-mail: gmina@timacagro.es Some studies reported that the presence of nitrate in the nutrient solution was able to trigger specific metabolic events favouring growth promotion in plants fed with ammonium and urea (1). On the other hand, other studies related the plant growth- promoting effect of nitrate, even a very low concentration (signal effect), to the enhancement of the root to shoot translocation of certain active cytokinins (CK) (2,3). We have investigated whether the positive effect of very low nitrate-concentrations (signal role) on ammonium-fed wheat plants is associated with significant changes in the plant distribution of those phyto-regulators related to stress (ethylene, ABA and polyamines) and development (CK and IAA). The results showed that very low concentrations of nitrate (100 mM) promoted both root and shoot growth of wheat seedlings fed with ammonium. This action of nitrate was associated with an increase in the shoot concentration of active forms of CK and a decrease in the relative shoot concentration of CKinactive forms. The presence of nitrate also enhanced IAA shoot content and tended to lower ABA concentration and ethylene root production. Nitrate supply also induced changes in polyamines distribution. These results present further evidence that the possible signal effect of nitrate involved in its beneficial effect on the growth of wheat plants fed with ammonium could be mediated by a coordinated action of different phytoregulators; increasing growth-promoting phytoregulators (active CK and IAA), and decreasing stress-related phytoregulators (ABA and ethylene). (1) Houdusse F, et al. (2005). Funct. Plant Biol, 32:1057-67. (2) Rahayu YS, et al. (2005). J Exp Bot 2005;56:1143-52. (3) Sakakibara H. J Plant Res 2003;116:253-7. P18-010: STUDY OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION AND AC- CUMULATION IN “BABY LEAF” READY TO EAT SPI- NACH LEAVES Cabassi, G.¹* - Antonacci, S. - Marino Gallina, P.² - Ferrante, A.² ¹CRA-FLC ²DiProVe - University of Milan *Corresponding author e-mail: g_cabassi@katamail.com In order to study the behavior of nitrate absorption and assimilation in ready to eat spinach production a experiment was carried out in greenhouse twice, according a randomised block design, in order to study metabolite levels and the expression of six genes involved in nitrate assimilation: NTR (high affinity nitrate transporter) NR (nitrate reductase) NiR (nitrite reductase) GS1 and GS2 (glutamine synthase citosolic and plastidial respectively) and GLU (glutammate synthase). Spinach plants were grown in big pots on soil substrate whit four different levels of NO3-N supply (10, 30, 75, 150 kg/ha). Spinach leaves were harvested at 3 sampling dates (7 days before commercial harvest, commercial harvest, corresponding to four fully expanded leaves, and 7 days after). For each experiment the expression of candidate genes was analyzed using qRT-PCR and the main agronomic parameters were also measured: aerial biomass, fresh and dry matter production, leaf area index and nitrate content. The nitrogen metabolites were also analised: ammonium, stach and sucrose content were analized using enzymatic methods. The concentration of the main amino acids (Glu, Asp, Gln, Asn, Gly, Ser, Ala) was measured by HPLC. The theses fertilized using 10 and 30 kg/ha of N showed low nitrate accumulation and low biomass production. The thesis fertilised with 75 kg/ha showed a high biomass production and nitrate concentration below 500 ppm at the 3rd sampling date as a result of vacuolar nitrate remobilization, whereas the thesis supplied with 150 kg/ha of N always showed high nitrate accumulation. NR and NIR expression were upregulated acoording to nitrate supply, GS2 was upregulated in the theses fertilised with 75 kg/ha and with 150 kg/ha of N until commercial harvest date. P18-011: REGULATION OF FERRIC CHELATE REDUC- TASE AND H+-ATPASE ENZYMES BY IRON NUTRI- TION IN CITRUS AND EFFECTS OF PH, BICARBONA- TE AND MICROELEMENTS Martinez Cuenca, M.* - Forner Giner, Ma. - Primo Millo, E.- Legaz, F. Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias *Corresponding author e-mail: martinez_mru@gva.es The aim of this work was to study the regulation of iron uptake in citrus by the enzymes implicated in iron reduction (FCR: Ferric Chelate Reductase) and acidification of the rizosphere (H+- ATPase: Proton-pumping ATPase). Also, the effects of some factors (pH, bicarbonate and microelements) affecting these enzyme activities were determined. For this purpose, two-month-old Citrange Carrizo seedlings (a hybrid of Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) were grown under glass-house conditions in individual pots filled with coarse sand and irrigated with a nutrient solution, either with or without 20 mM Fe-EDDHA. Activities of FCR or H+-ATPase were tested at different solution pH and after adding 10 mM HCO3- or 3 mM of either Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ to the uptake solution. Fe-deficient plants showed higher FCR and H+- ATPase activities than Fe-sufficient plants (2.99- and 2.11-fold, respectively). Both enzymes presented their optimum activity near the neutral pH range. Addition of HCO3- to the uptake solution (10 mM for 5 minutes) inhibited H+-ATPase activity in Fe-sufficient plants by a 28.7% relative to the control, while FCR activity was increased in a 66.3%. Short-time treatments (5 minutes) with either Zn2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ (at 3 mM) added to the uptake solution enhanced both activities. The order of effectiveness of microelements in increasing FCR activity was Mn2+>Cu2+>Zn2+ whereas with H+-ATPase activity was Cu2+>Mn2+>Zn2+. P18-012: PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF LETTUCE BABY LEAF UNDER LIMITED NITROGEN CONDI- TIONS Ferrante, A.*¹ - Ferrarese, M.¹ - Podetta, N.¹ - Antonacci, S.¹ - Cabassi, G.² ¹ University of Milan ²CRA-FLC *Corresponding author e-mail: antonio.ferrante@unimi.it Baby leaf vegetables cultivation and commercialization have been continuously increasing in the horticultural markets. The growing cycle of these vegetables is very short depending from the season. It usually ranges from 20 to 60 days. They are harvested when plants reach 10-15 cm and with 4-5 fully expanded leaves. In this stage the plants are in active growth, therefore their physiological behavior is not completely studied. Among nutrient the nitrogen and in particularly nitrate assimilation is extremely important since nitrate content in leaves cannot overcome the EU thresholds. The experiments were performed on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The soil was opportunely chosen with low nutrition content and organic matter. The nitrogen doses were 0, 5, 10 or 15 g m-2 and organic matter levels were increased from 0.5 to 1.5%. Plants were grown until reaching the baby leaf development stage. The nitrate and macronutrients content were monitored in leaves and roots. Growth indexes such as absolute growth rate, relative growth rate and leaf area index were calculated. Chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and fresh biomass were determined in response of nitrogen doses. Nitrate content in limited nutrient availability and low organic matter content did not increase by increasing the nitrogen doses.
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Page 206 and 207: Author Index Aarts, M.G. S18-002 Ab
Page 208 and 209: Cattivelli, L. P01-031 Cawly, J. P1
Page 210 and 211: Gallego, B. P17-037 Gallego, P.P. P
Page 212 and 213: Kersten, B. P10-017 Keskin, O. P05-
Page 214 and 215: Miguel, C. S02-001, P01-122 Milhinh
Page 216 and 217: Ramiro, M. P09-018 Ramon, M P13-002
Page 218 and 219: Tanimoto, E. P01-045 Tarakanov, I.
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