Santander, February 19th-22nd 2008 - Aranzadi

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Radiocarbon dating of shell carbonates: old problems and new solutions Katerina DOUKA, Thomas F.G. HIGHAM and Robert E. M. HEDGES
MUNIBE(Suplemento/Gehigarria) - nº nº 3100 18-27 000-000 DONOSTIA-SAN SEBASTIÁN 2010 2003 D.L. ISSN SS-1055-2010 XXXX-XXXX Radiocarbon dating of shell carbonates: old problems and new solutions Datación radiocarbónica en carbonatos de conchas: viejos problemas y nuevas soluciones KEY WORDS: Radiocarbon, marine shells, pretreatment, Upper Palaeolithic, ornaments. PALABRAS CLAVE: Radiocarbono, moluscos marinos, tratamiento previo, Paleolítico superior, ornamentos. GAKO-HITZAK: Erradiokarbonoa, itsas moluskuak, aurretiko tratamendua, Goi Paleolitoa, apaingarriak. Katerina DOUKA (1) , Thomas F. G. HIGHAM and Robert E. M. HEDGES ABSTRACT Marine shell carbonates are often considered problematic for radiocarbon dating. Problems most often identified include the reservoir effect and uncertainties over its quantification and temporal variability, the calibration of the radiocarbon age, the question of the hard-water effect and the possibility of samples of shells derived from fossil sources. However, it is the assessment of the preservation state, in chemical and physical terms, that is the key parameter affecting radiocarbon dating of shell carbonates. We review the current status of radiocarbon dating marine shell carbonates. In addition we report recent developments at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit (ORAU), University of Oxford. New protocols include more effective pretreatment and rigorous screening that, respectively, reduce the effect of secondary carbonate contamination and help us determine, with confidence, whether or not the marine shells have been diagenetically altered and therefore are suitable for dating. Finally we briefly discuss the application of this new approach to the current dating of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Our future aim is to shed light on two broadly coinciding processes: the Neanderthal extinction and the initial dispersal of Anatomically Modern Humans (AMHs) along the Mediterranean rim. RESUMEN Los carbonatos de los moluscos marinos a menudo se consideran problemáticos para obtener fechas de radiocarbono. Los problemas identificados que incluyen más a menudo son el efecto de inercia y las incertidumbres sobre su cuantificación y variabilidad temporal, la calibración de la fecha de radiocarbono, la cuestión del efecto de agua pesada y la posibilidad de que las muestras de moluscos deriven de fuentes fósiles. Sin embargo, el problema del estado de preservación, en términos químicos y físicos, es el parámetro dominante que afecta la obtención de fechas de radiocarbono de los carbonatos de la concha. Revisamos el estado actual de la obtención de fechas de radiocarbono de los carbonatos de los moluscos marinos. Además divulgamos los progresos recientes en la unidad del acelerador de radiocarbono de Oxford (ORAU), Universidad de Oxford. Los nuevos protocolos incluyen un tratamiento previo más eficaz y la investigación rigurosa que, respectivamente, reducen el efecto de la contaminación secundaria del carbonato y nos ayudan a determinar, con confianza, si las conchas marinas se han alterado por diagénesis y por lo tanto son convenientes para fechar, o no. Finalmente discutimos brevemente el uso de este nuevo acercamiento para fechar la transición del Paleolítico medio al superior. Nuestro objetivo futuro es dar luz a dos procesos que coinciden ampliamente: la extinción del Neanderthal y la dispersión inicial de los seres humanos anatómicamente modernos (AMHs) a lo largo del borde mediterráneo. LABURPENA Itsas moluskuen karbonatoak problematikotzat jotzen dira askotan, erradiokarbono-datak kalkulatzeko. Gehien ageri diren arazoak hauek dira: inertzia-efektua, kuantifikazioari eta denbora-aldakortasunari buruzko ziurgabetasunak, erradiokarbono-dataren kalibraketa, ur astunaren eraginaren auzia, eta moluskuen laginak fosiletatik eratorriak izateko aukera. Dena den, babes-egoeraren arazoa, kimikako eta fisikako terminoetan, maskorraren karbonatoen erradiokarbono-datak lortzeari eragiten dion parametro nagusia da. Itsas moluskuen karbonatoen erradiokarbono-datak lortzearen egungo egoera berraztertu dugu. Gainera, Oxfordeko unibertsitateko erradiokarbono-azeleragailuaren (ORAU) unitateko azken aurrerapenen berri eman dugu. Protokolo berrietan, tratamendua eraginkorragoa izango da, karbonatoaren bigarren mailako kutsaduraren eragina murrizteko, eta ikerketa zorrotzagoa, itsas maskorrak diagenesi bidez aldatu diren, eta, beraz, datatzeko egokiak diren jakiteko. Azkenik, Erdi Paleolitotik Goi Paleolitorako trantsizioa datatzeko hurbilketa berri horri buruzko eztabaida labur bat egin genuen. Etorkizuneko helburua neurri handi batean uztartuta dauden bi prozesu azaltzea da: Neanderthalen desagertzea eta gizaki anatomikoki modernoak (AMHak) Mediterraneo itsasoaren itsasertzean zabaltzen hastea. 1. INTRODUCTION Marine molluscs are deposited in archaeological sites either as a result of human or animal activity or by natural means (aeolian processes or marine transgressions). When safely attributed to human agency, molluscs excavated from archaeological sites serve as significant environmental, cultural and chronometric indicators. Parameters regarding modern mollusca geographic distribution, water temperature tolerance, prefe- (1) Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, OX1 3QY, Oxford, U.K. (katerina.douka@rlaha.ox.ac.uk).
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From the Mediterranean sea to the S
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Shell beads in the Pre-Pottery Neol
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Lost in the mountains? Marine ornam
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102 JORGE MARTÍNEZ-MORENO, RAFAEL
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New data on Asturian shell midden s
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Analysis of malacofauna remains fro
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Shell as a raw material for tools a
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3100 138-145 000-000 DONOSTIA-SAN S
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The use of marine shell in Cingle V
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Technology, production and use of m
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158 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The aim of t
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162 ALFREDO CARANNANTE Other common
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164 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The use of t
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166 ALFREDO CARANNANTE 13. ACKNOWLE
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More than food: beads and shell too
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170 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL ved, s
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172 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL tary s
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174 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL Almiza
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Oysters ancient and modern: potenti
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178 GREG CAMPBELL The author assess
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180 GREG CAMPBELL the east Solent (
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186 GREG CAMPBELL Using measurement
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A large-scale exploitation of oyste
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190 CATHERINE DUPONT The deposit of
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198 CATHERINE DUPONT CAVOLEAU, J.A.
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Indirect detection of changes in Se
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210 ELOÍSA BERNÁLDEZ & ESTEBAN GA
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Manufacturing techniques of Oliva p
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228 HORTENSIA DE VEGA, EMILIANO R.
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Malacological Material from Pezuapa
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238 HERVÉ V. MONTERROSA & REYNA B.
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Specialized Shell Object Production
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Of Shell and Sand: Coastal Habitat
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Molluscs as sedimentary components.
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The U.S. Freshwater Shell Button In
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Santander, February 19th-22nd 2008 - Aranzadi

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