Santander, February 19th-22nd 2008 - Aranzadi

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268 MIGUEL A. ZUBIMENDI (Verneu and De La Vaulx 1902: 138). In 1922, Torres said he found a tembetá –a button-like chin ornament– made of an Adelomelon beckii columella in San Blas Bay (1922: 517). Also an Olivancillaria auricularia shell was found with a perforation on its side, attributed to having been used as a whistle (Bormida 1949). A similar purpose was assigned by R. Brunet (1980: 121) to three Odontocymbiola subnodosa large shells presenting quadrangular perforations found on the central coast of the Province of Chubut. 3.4. Malacologcal artifacts in human burials Shell bead and recipient findings in chenques –common Patagonian graves– deserve special consideration. In the north of Patagonia, several shell beads –some made from Pacific Ocean species– have been found (for example Della Negra and Novellino 2005: 169). In burials with multiple individual in the coast of Chubut, little Tegula sp. seashells were found, as well as hundreds of shell beads considerably modified (Gómez and Dahienten 1997-1998: 109). On the north coast of Santa Cruz, a similar finding was observed in a looted grave (J. E. Moreno com. pers.). In the middle valley of Río Gallegos, in southern Patagonia, a tubular Scaphoda mollusc fragment of the Dentaliidae family was found (Ortiz- Troncoso 1973: 133). Finally, in the west centre of this province, in the Sierras Coloradas area, over 859 shell beads were found in several chenques (Cassiodoro 2005: 259–260). In the first half of the 20 th Century some shell beads were found in graves on the banks of the Santa Cruz River (Vignati 1934: 89) and on the Colhue-Huapi Lake (Bormida 1953–1954: 33). On the other hand, in graves close to the mouth of Negro River (Strobel 1867, Moreno 1874) and of the north coast of Golfo San Matías, large gastropod recipients were found arranged on individual graves (Carcelles 1944, Deodat 1967). 4. FINAL COMMENTS In spite of being a subject barely discussed on Patagonian archaeological bibliography, the presence of malacological artefacts requires a deeper analysis. The great majority of artefacts are shell beads and recipients. The former have been distributed all across Patagonia, from the Province of Neuquén in the north, all throughout the inland, to the coastline area. Recipients are almost certainly limited to the north coast of San Matías Gulf and the area between this gulf and the middle and lower valleys of Colorado River, where containers and spoons have been found in residential as well as in burial grounds. They can also be found, though to a lesser extent, in the Deseado River basin, in the North Centre of Santa Cruz. With regard to human burials, in Patagonia, most of them were performed with few grave goods, if any at all. However, malacological remains have been found in a great number of graves. They consist generally of shell beads inland and on the central coast; and of large shells of the Volutidae family on the north coast The spatial distribution of the malacological artefacts defines a series of patterns that should be considered. There is considerable evidence of the presence of Pacific Ocean shells in Neuquén and the west of Río Negro. Within this area there are numerous passable tracks across the Andes, which became rare and more difficult in the South. There is no evidence of this kind of artefacts southwards, up to the Chilean Magallanes region. Probably the shell artefacts found in the Andes area at the South of Neuquén, with the exception of those made with fluvial molluscs like Diplodon chilensis, have come from the Atlantic coast. A considerable number of malacological remains lack a temporal context. However, only a few finds have been registered in the middle Holocene, most of them belong to the late Holocene. This could be correlated, according to some authors, with a growth in Patagonian population density, and with the emergence of large interaction networks (Borrero 2001, Gómez 2007, among others). Malacological artefacts have also been found at later times, after natives established contact with European sailors and travellers. In this last historical period, many remains were found in the Neuquén area. They come mainly from the Pacific Ocean, thus reflecting the constant movement of people on both sides of the Andes and the occupation of this territory as a unity (Adan and Alvarado 1999: 247). Even when the presence of shells at inland sites is not large in number, it is interesting that in virtually all researched areas, malacological artefacts or intact shells have been found in stratigraphy. We can note a greater presence of this kind of remains in the centre and west sides of the Province of Santa Cruz. There have been found species commonly consumed on the coast – such as Aulacomya ater, Mytilus edulis and Nacella (P.) magellanica (Gómez 2007, Zubimendi 2007)– as MUNIBE Suplemento - Gehigarria 31, 2010 S.C. Aranzadi. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián
Malacological artifacts in Argentine Patagonia 269 well as species barely depicted in the coastal archaeological record, such as Panopea abbreviata, Pecten sp., Photinula coerulescens and Trophon sp. The meaning these shells have reached the different sites are unknown: they may have been transported by the human groups themselves, or they might have been the product of large exchange networks across the Patagonian territory. Their transportation cannot have been coincidental, but rather, it must have been planned –the conservation of some specimens found inland probably indicates that they had been handled with care. Finally, and beyond certain bias and limitations in the existing data, the available information allowed us to prove that malacological artefact constitute an important part of the Patagonian archaeological record. I strongly consider its examination to be necessary to thus deepen the knowledge on the way of life of the hunter-gatherer societies of the past. 5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Sergio Bogan, Alicia Castro, Diego Zelaya and Ricardo Bastida for their support for my research; and Silvana Espinosa, Nora Franco and Damian Bozzuto for lending me unpublished material. Also, two evaluators have contributed to the improvement of this work by means of interesting remarks and corrections –I would like to thank them specially. Also I wish to thank Laura Tolbaños, who translated this text to English. 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY ADAN, L. & ALVARADO, M. 1999 “Análisis de colecciones alfareras pertenecientes al complejo Pitrén: una aproximación desde la arqueología y la estética”. In: Soplando en el viento, Actas de las III Jornadas de Arqueología de la Patagonia. Neuquén – Buenos Aires: 245–268. BARBERENA, R. 2008 Arqueología y biogeografía humana en Patagonia meridional. Editado por la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, Colección Tesis de Doctorado. Buenos Aires. BONOMO, M. 2007 “El uso de los moluscos marinos por los cazadores-recolectores pampeanos”. Chungara, 39 (1): 87–102. BORMIDA, M. 1949 “Un silbato de concha procedente del territorio de Río Negro”. Runa, II (1-2): 213–227. 1953 “Los antiguos patagones. Estudio de craneología”. 1954 Runa, VI: 5–96. BORRERO, L. A. 2001 El poblamiento de la Patagonia. Toldos, milodones y volcanes. Emece Editores. Buenos Aires. BORRERO, J. L. & BARBERENA, R. 2006 “Hunter-Gatherer home ranges and marine resources. An archaeological case from southern Patagonia”. Current Anthropology, 47 (5): 855–867. BRUNET, R. F. J. 1980 “Un instrumento musical desconocido de la costa patagónica”. Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, XIV (1): 121–128. CASSIODORO, G. 2005 “Tecnología malacológica de los entierros humanos del lago Salitroso (Santa Cruz, Argentina)”. Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, XXX: 257–262. CARBALLO, F.; BELARDI, J. B.; ESPINOSA, S. & ERCOLANO, B. 2000 Tecnología y Movilidad en la Cuenca Media del Río Coyle, 2002 Santa Cruz. Cuadernos del Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano, 19: 89–107. CARCELLES, A. 1944 “Catalogo de los moluscos marinos de Puerto Quequén (República Argentina)”. Revista el Museo de La Plata (Nueva Serie), sección Zoología, II: 233–309. CASTRO, A.; MORENO, J.; ZUBIMENDI, M. A.; ANDOLFO, M.; VIDELA, B.; MAZZITELLI , L. & BOGAN, S. 2007 “Cronología de la ocupación humana en la Costa Norte de Santa Cruz: Actualización de datos radiocarbónicos”. In: Morello, F.; Martinic, M.; Prieto A. & Bahamonde, G. (Eds.): Arqueología de Fuego-Patagonia. Levantando piedras, desenterrando huesos... y develando arcanos. CEQUA, Punta Arenas: 527–539. CAVIGLIA, S. & BORRERO, L. 1981 “Consumo de moluscos en el Alero de los Sauces (Neuquén, Argentina): su importancia como recurso estable”. Trabajos de Prehistoria, 1: 79–89. CRIVELLI, E. A.; CURZIO, D. E. & SILVEIRA, M. 1993 “La estratigrafía de la cueva Traful I (Provincia de Neuquen)”. Præhistoria, 1:9–160. DAMIANI, A. C. & ÁLVAREZ, G. F. 2006 “Determinación de un patrón de fractura intencional en gasterópodos marinos (Golfo San Matías, Provincia de Río Negro)”. Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología, XXX: 277–295. DELLA NEGRA, C. & NOVELLINO, P. S. 2005 "Aquihuecó": un cementerio arqueológico, en el norte de la Patagonia, valle del Curi Leuvú - Neuquen, Argentina”. Magallania, 33 (2): 165–172. DEODAT, L. S. M. 1967 “Una antigua manufactura valvácea en el golfo San Matías (Argentina)”. Runa, X: 319–353. ESPINOSA, S.; BELARDI, J. B. & MOLINARI, R. 2007 “Análisis tecnológico de los artefactos líticos de la colección Horst Thierauf provenientes de las cuencas de los lagos Tar y San Martín (Provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina)”. In: Morello, F.; Martinic, M.; Prieto A. & Bahamonde, G. (Eds.): CEQUA, Arqueología de Fuego- Patagonia. Levantando piedras, desenterrando huesos... y develando arcanos. Punta Arenas, 675–685. MUNIBE Suplemento - Gehigarria 31, 2010 S.C. Aranzadi. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián
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SUPLEMENTO - GEHIGARRIA 31 Not only
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Not only Food. Marine, Terrestrial
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10 ESTEBAN ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.
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12 ESTEBAN ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.
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Not only Food. Marine, Terrestrial
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Radiocarbon dating of shell carbona
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20 KATERINA DOUKA, THOMAS F. G. HIG
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Marine shell beads from the Gravett
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30 CRISTINA SAN JUAN-FOUCHER & PASC
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Upper Paleolithic ornament seashell
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38 ANTONIO J. RODRÍGUEZ-HIDALGO, A
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The personal ornaments made from mo
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Magdalenian marine shells from El H
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60 MIGUEL ÁNGEL FANO & ESTEBAN ÁL
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From the Mediterranean sea to the S
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Shell beads in the Pre-Pottery Neol
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Lost in the mountains? Marine ornam
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102 JORGE MARTÍNEZ-MORENO, RAFAEL
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New data on Asturian shell midden s
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112 F. IGOR GUTIÉRREZ & MANUEL GON
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Analysis of malacofauna remains fro
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Shell as a raw material for tools a
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3100 138-145 000-000 DONOSTIA-SAN S
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The use of marine shell in Cingle V
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Technology, production and use of m
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Archaeomalacological Data from the
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158 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The aim of t
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160 ALFREDO CARANNANTE we exclude s
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162 ALFREDO CARANNANTE Other common
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164 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The use of t
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166 ALFREDO CARANNANTE 13. ACKNOWLE
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More than food: beads and shell too
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170 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL ved, s
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172 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL tary s
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174 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL Almiza
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Oysters ancient and modern: potenti
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178 GREG CAMPBELL The author assess
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180 GREG CAMPBELL the east Solent (
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182 GREG CAMPBELL range and more ob
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184 GREG CAMPBELL Figure 9. A possi
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186 GREG CAMPBELL Using measurement
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A large-scale exploitation of oyste
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190 CATHERINE DUPONT The deposit of
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192 CATHERINE DUPONT Figure 2. Hist
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194 CATHERINE DUPONT hence these pe
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196 CATHERINE DUPONT Figure 6. Open
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198 CATHERINE DUPONT CAVOLEAU, J.A.
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Indirect detection of changes in Se
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210 ELOÍSA BERNÁLDEZ & ESTEBAN GA
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Manufacturing techniques of Oliva p
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