Santander, February 19th-22nd 2008 - Aranzadi

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276 ISABEL C. RIVERA-COLLAZO Figure 4. Map of modern benthic habitats around Punta Candelero. Maps taken from the Benthic Habitats Atlas of Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands (NOAA 2001), prepared by the Biogeography Team of NOAA’s Centre for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment. Collage prepared by the author. Original map prepared by NOAA's Biogeography Team. Reproduced with authorization. MUNIBE Suplemento - Gehigarria 31, 2010 S.C. <strong>Aranzadi</strong>. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián
Of Shell and Sand: Coastal Habitat Availability and Human Foraging Strategies at Punta Candelero (Humacao, Puerto Rico) 277 2. DATA AND RESULTS The 2006 and 2007 archaeological intervention at Punta Candelero, preceded development plans for the area. Shells were recovered from the sedimentary matrix of the archaeological deposit using 6 mm and 3 mm mesh sieves (1 mm mesh sieves were also used in some instances). No specific shell midden or shell lens was identified, but the shells were recovered from within the sediment. Species identification was performed by technician Edmarie Pagán in Puerto Rico. No additional measurements were taken on the individual shells, and no direct details were recorded on the tabulated information, but the author did some preliminary observations on the field and the laboratory in Puerto Rico. The results (MNI/species, strata and sieve size) were collated and analysed by the author at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Although hundreds of terrestrial specimens were also collected and identified, only the aquatic mollusca from the archaeological strata are used in this study (see Ramos-Vélez 2007 for details on the other faunal remains). Only 2% of the shells recovered during excavation were used at tools. The artefacts were generally excluded from the analysis because, being an object of workmanship, they could have been specifically sourced from outside the area and may not reflect local species availability. The sample consists of 11,201 specimens of Bivalvia and 7,230 specimens of Gastropoda; most were identified to species level. 2.1. Bivalvia Despite being more numerous than Gastropods, Bivalves were less diverse (Table 1). A total of 25 species were identified, but the assemblage is overwhelmingly dominated by just one genus: Donax (98.2% of the total) including Donax denticulatus and Donax variabilis. Most of the habitats documented for the Bivalvia represent unconsolidated intertidal areas, with occasional sea grass and other habitats in very low percentages. Donax are infaunal inhabitants of intertidal sandy environments and can be found today in high density on the Island’s coasts. In modern contexts, García (2005) indicates the presence of up to 500 individuals per square metre at the Humacao beach just north of the site. Donax adults can reach 35mm, individuals smaller than 6mm are very young. In Punta Candelero, even though most of the individuals (96%) were recovered from the 6mm sieve, 4% of the sample passed through the 6mm mesh and were trapped in the 3mm sieve. Even though individual sizes were not recorded, the presence of extremely small (and young) individuals suggests size variability, which in turn can reflect the collection method used. If individuals were hand-selected, size uniformity would be expected with a bias towards larger individuals (Gassiot-Balbè 2005). The presence of small, very young individuals suggests that these molluscs were collected en masse, probably using some sort of sieve or basket. Similar conclusions were drawn by Gassiot- Balbè (2005) with his Donax sample from Nicaragua. The other bivalve species, such as Parvilucina costata, Strigilla sp. and Tivela mactroides, are infrequent and might have been collected incidentally to the gathering of Donax. Species from Thalassia beds, such as Anadara sp., Codakia sp. and Purberella intapurpurea might represent opportunistic gathering associated with trap setting. The assemblage of Punta Candelero would still need more detailed measurements on the individual specimens to statistically support these conclusions. 2.2. Gastropoda A total of 59 Gastropoda species were identified (Table 2). Nine species are dominant throughout the strata: Lithopoma caelatum, Cittarium pica, Fissurella nodosa, Nerita tessellata, Neritina clenchi, Neritina virginea, Neritina punctulata, Tectarius (Cenchritis) muricata and Turbo castanea. Of these species, only one artefact of C. pica and one of N. virginea were identified in Stratum A. Otherwise, it seems that none of these species were collected for making tools. The large number of opercula, both in the 6 mm and the 3 mm sieve size (but particularly on the 3 mm size), attest to the collection of living specimens brought back to the site for processing (Figure 5A). Figure 5. A. Number of opercula by stratum and sieve size. B. Number of neritids by species, stratum and sieve size. MUNIBE Suplemento - Gehigarria 31, 2010 S.C. <strong>Aranzadi</strong>. Z.E. Donostia/San Sebastián
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SUPLEMENTO - GEHIGARRIA 31 Not only
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Not only Food. Marine, Terrestrial
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10 ESTEBAN ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.
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12 ESTEBAN ÁLVAREZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.
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Not only Food. Marine, Terrestrial
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Radiocarbon dating of shell carbona
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20 KATERINA DOUKA, THOMAS F. G. HIG
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Marine shell beads from the Gravett
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30 CRISTINA SAN JUAN-FOUCHER & PASC
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Upper Paleolithic ornament seashell
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38 ANTONIO J. RODRÍGUEZ-HIDALGO, A
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MUNIBE(Suplemento/Gehigarria) - nº
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The personal ornaments made from mo
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Magdalenian marine shells from El H
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60 MIGUEL ÁNGEL FANO & ESTEBAN ÁL
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From the Mediterranean sea to the S
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Archaeomalacological remains from t
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Shell beads in the Pre-Pottery Neol
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Lost in the mountains? Marine ornam
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102 JORGE MARTÍNEZ-MORENO, RAFAEL
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New data on Asturian shell midden s
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Analysis of malacofauna remains fro
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Shell as a raw material for tools a
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3100 138-145 000-000 DONOSTIA-SAN S
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The use of marine shell in Cingle V
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Technology, production and use of m
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Archaeomalacological Data from the
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158 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The aim of t
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160 ALFREDO CARANNANTE we exclude s
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162 ALFREDO CARANNANTE Other common
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164 ALFREDO CARANNANTE The use of t
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166 ALFREDO CARANNANTE 13. ACKNOWLE
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More than food: beads and shell too
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170 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL ved, s
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172 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL tary s
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174 RUTH MAICAS & AIXA VIDAL Almiza
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Oysters ancient and modern: potenti
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178 GREG CAMPBELL The author assess
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180 GREG CAMPBELL the east Solent (
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182 GREG CAMPBELL range and more ob
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184 GREG CAMPBELL Figure 9. A possi
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186 GREG CAMPBELL Using measurement
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A large-scale exploitation of oyste
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190 CATHERINE DUPONT The deposit of
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192 CATHERINE DUPONT Figure 2. Hist
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194 CATHERINE DUPONT hence these pe
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196 CATHERINE DUPONT Figure 6. Open
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198 CATHERINE DUPONT CAVOLEAU, J.A.
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Shells in the Middle Ages: archaeom
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Indirect detection of changes in Se
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210 ELOÍSA BERNÁLDEZ & ESTEBAN GA
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Manufacturing techniques of Oliva p
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218 EMILIANO R. MELGAR Figure 1. Th
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220 EMILIANO R. MELGAR Category of
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224 EMILIANO R. MELGAR In addition,
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Santander, February 19th-22nd 2008 - Aranzadi

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