7 - Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

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applications and cost a few dollars each. The tags typically stored application-specifc data and were capable of modest processing on-tag [2]. Figure – 2. Basic Tag IC architecture 3.5 Tag Classes: one of the main ways of categorizing RFID tags is by the capability to read and write data. This leads to the following four classes and EPC global has also defined five classes which are similar to the one below: 3.5.1 Class 0: Read only – factory programmed. These are simplest type of tags, where the data, which is usually a simple id number is written only once into the tags during manufacture. The memory is then disabled from any further updates. Class 0 is also used to define a category of tags called EAS or anti-theft devices which have no id, and only announce their presence when passing through an antenna field. 3.5.2 Class 1: Write Once Read Many(WORM) - Factory or user programmed. In this case tag is manufactured with no data written in to the memory. Data can then either be written by manufacturer or by the user – one time. Following this no further writes are allowed and the tag can only be read. Tags of this type usually act as simple identifiers. 3.5.3 Class 2: Read-Write – This most flexible type of tag, where user have access to read and write data into the tags memory. They typically used as data loggers, and there fore contain more memory space than what is needed for just a simple id number. 3.5.4 Class 3: Read-Write (with on board sensors) – These tags contain on board sensors for recording parameters like temperature, pressure and motion, which can be recorded by writing into the tags memory. As sensor readings must be taken in the absence of a reader, the tags are either semi-passive or active. 275
3.5.5 Class 4: Read-Write (with Integrated Transmitters) – These are like miniature radio devices which can communicate with other tags and devices without the presence of the reader. This means that they are completely active with their own battery power source. 3.6 Active and Passive tags: First basic choice when considering a tag is either passive or semi-passive or active. Passive tags can be read at a distance of up to 4 – 5 m using UHF frequency band, whilst the other types of tags (semi-passive and active) can achieve much greater distance of up to 100m for semi-passive, and several KM for active. This large difference in communication performance can be explained by the following; • passive tags use the reader field as a source of energy for the chip and for the communication from and to the reader. The available power from the reader field, not only reduce very rapidly with distance but is also controlled by the strict regulations, resulting in a limited communication distance of 4 -5 m when using UHF frequency band (860 MHz – 930 MHz) . • Semi-passive (battery assisted back scatter) tags have build in batteries and therefore do not require energy from the reader field to power the chip. This allows them to function with much lower signal power levels, resulting in greater distance of up to 100meters. Distance is limited mainly due to the fact that tag does not have an integrated transmitter, and is still obliged to use the reader field to communicate back to the reader. • Active tags are battery powered devices that have an active transmitter onboard. Unlike passive tags, active tags generate RF energy and apply to the antenna. This autonomy from the reader means that they can communicate at the distance of over several KMs. Table No.2 : Different Tag Classes class Known as Memory Power source Applications 0 EAS/EPC None/EPC-1bit on/off Passive Anti-theft/ID 1 EPC Read only Any Identification 2 EPC Read-Write Any Data logging 3 Sensor tags Read-write Semi passive/active sensors 4 Smart Dust Read-write Active Ad hoc networking 4. Selecting tags: Choosing the right for a particular RFID applications is an important consideration, and should take into account many of the factors listed below: • Size and form factor – where does the tag have to fit? • How close the tags be to each other • Durability – will the tag need to have a strong outer protection against regular wear and tear • Is the tag re-usable • Resistance to harsh environment(corrosive, steam…) • polarization – what will be tag orientation with the respect to the reader field • exposure to different temperature ranges • communication distance • influence of the materials such as metals and liquids 276
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Proceedings of the Conference on Re
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CONTENTS Invited Talks Knowledge Sh
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Technical Session IV : KNOWLEDGE SH
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Digital Collection Development Dhan
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3.3 E-Journals Electronic journals
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disseminate information on speciali
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2.Justification of the Project The
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ack 12 Leased Line 1 mbps port char
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Central Institute of Indian Languag
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access the full text articles from
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• Integrated authority control an
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References 1. Gopal, Krishan, Digit
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1. Characteristics of Digital Libra
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Computer CPU, PCI Bus, Ethernet, S
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Digital Library Collection Developm
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will have to develop mechanisms for
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collection management in a distribu
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Electronic Collections Collection T
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Timeliness The electronic resources
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Digital library Infrastructure and
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• User acceptability from their d
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• Technical skills (Knowledge of
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is most prevalent format. In PDF fo
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NextGen Digital Resource Centre: On
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Liaison”. To streamline, some of
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4. Online Resources With careful wa
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5.3 Lakshya: Mode of Access In curr
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Information Management
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2. Content Management Activities Id
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2.3 IGC Reports digitization activi
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(TEI) have been proposed as encodin
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Overview of Object Oriented Databas
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6. Object Oriented Database Managem
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Automatic Extraction of Proper name
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‣ Legend words prefixed to a word
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ii. iii. considered as non-signific
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Keywords and phrases Information pr
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In the Internet era, digital librar
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• Reduce Maintenance Time - Devel
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preservation but differs from it in
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First, an organization must underst
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13. Multimedia Metadata Standards M
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3. Definition of Metadata . www.ter
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All Dublin Core elements are option
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Some libraries use TEI headers to d
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Keywords relate solely to the subje
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possible, data are entered by choos
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Label: Definition : Comment : Eleme
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Some digital library systems are us
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definition or meaning of the elemen
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Digital Library: File Formats, Stan
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that area. It provides an improved
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subject, description, source, langu
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9.1 Internet Explorer (IE) This is
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e well specified and may be differe
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
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can be split into as many areas as
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to the fact that GSM network is a d
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network. cdmaOne supports data traf
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9. Conclusion Wireless networks con
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ISH information is supplementary to
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Production and Information use of p
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emanded by the U.S. Circuit Court o
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Information Technology Infrastructu
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The object of Change Management is
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Continuity Management is concerned
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The web service activity statement
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‘A set of interrelated units that
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---To introduce new communication t
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2. Systems approach to appropriate
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• Utilizing world-wide resources
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5. Proposed Model As has already be
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3. Kumaruguru College of Technology
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If visuals, like handwritten or cop
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Knowledge Discovery Tools and Techn
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8. Interpretation: Includes interpr
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and accuracy of the generated rules
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with other security mechanisms alre
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As simulation was added to the trad
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data. The plant data generated at d
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Information professionals can play
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2. Knowledge organization: An organ
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financial resources on information
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innovation systems of a country. Ho
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esults to vocabulary which occurs d
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epresented in the figure. The basic
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Metadata is data that describes dat
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7. Knowledge Management Using GNOWS
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19.Joel Mintzes, James Wandersee an
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2. Merits The successful implementa
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a KMS program. Like product develop
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Advances in Knowledge Management Ku
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applied information. Both forms of
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a mind set of working with co-worke
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Rewards and recognition address the
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The process architecture covers tho
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Institutionalization of 'best pract
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people are so busy just getting the
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and it is matter of time that other
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knowledge management practices alon
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(Fig.1 A frame work for Our Knowled
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# Consistency in Content delivery #
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Knowledge Sharing Techniques
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2. Traditional Translation In tradi
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This is particularly useful for com
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7. Conclusion In this age of digita
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Figure - 1 SIRD SET UP DB 1 DB 2 Fl
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Figure 3 Deployment Diagram 5. Impl
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Figure .5 Search Results Screen 6.S
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Coordination Model for Communicatio
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them. That is, the world where agen
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suit open applications, where a num
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Preservation of Digital Information
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documents. It increases the product
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DESKTOP WORD, PDF DOC XML HTML WIRE
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Digital Libraries and Changing Role
Page 235 and 236: (iv) Those who are intermixed betwe
Page 237 and 238: Digital Library: The Change Managem
Page 239 and 240: • The Change Problem • Change a
Page 241 and 242: 9. Change happens only through peop
Page 243 and 244: 3. Access the required photocopy fo
Page 245 and 246: Date of request Date of request mai
Page 247 and 248: TIFR 36% TMC 2% SINP 13% BARC 17% E
Page 249 and 250: References 1. Mignon Adams. Rethink
Page 251 and 252: systems. It is believed that while
Page 253 and 254: 3.4 Magnetic Diskettes Magnetic Dis
Page 255 and 256: 6. Contextual Demands The contextua
Page 257 and 258: Information overload Organizational
Page 259 and 260: AGRILIBNET: A Web Portal Rathinasab
Page 261 and 262: 3. Agricultural Library Resource Sh
Page 263 and 264: o The proposed AGRILIBNET will be h
Page 265 and 266: 7. Projct Progress The project has
Page 267 and 268: APPENDIX -1 List of State Agricultu
Page 269 and 270: APPENDIX-II State Agricultural Univ
Page 271 and 272: century and a half ago.” And so m
Page 273 and 274: The database is divide into two sec
Page 275 and 276: the work/s within a manuscript. 11.
Page 277 and 278: 266 The Data Elements Which Are Not
Page 279 and 280: 268 Table -3 The Elements Which Are
Page 281 and 282: 270 References: 1. M L Saini. “Ma
Page 283 and 284: 2. RFID Technology in Libraries The
Page 285: 3.3 Anti-collision If many tags are
Page 289 and 290: 5. Implementation of RFID: The meth
Page 291 and 292: several items in a stack can be rea
Page 293: Author Index Akhtar Hussain, 77 Mah
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7 - Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

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