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13. International Seabed Authority, Recommendations for the guidance of the
contractors for the assessment of the possible environmental impacts arising from
exploration for polymetallic nodules in the Area: prepared by the Legal and Technical
Commission (ISBA/7/LTC/1), 10 April 2001; further revised and approved by the
Commission as ISBA/7/LTC/1/Rev.1 of 10 July 2001. On 12 July 2001, the ISA
Council deferred consideration of the recommendations until its eighth session
(August 2002). The present paper refers to the April 2001 version of the
recommendations.
14. S.R. Hare and N.J. Mantua (2000), Empirical evidence for North Pacific regime shifts
in 1977 and 1989, Progress in Oceanography 47:103-145.
15. D.M. Karl and D.B. Craven (1980), Effects of alkaline phosphatase activity in
nucleotide measurements in aquatic microbial communities, Applied and
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16. L.S. Mullineaux (1987), Organisms living on manganese nodules and crusts:
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17. W.D. Gardner, L.G. Sullivan and E.M. Thorndike (1984), Long-term photographic,
current, and nepholometer observations of manganese nodule environments in the
Pacific, Earth and Planetary Science Letters 70: 95-109.
18. C.R. Smith et al. (1994), Habitat characteristics and faunal structure of a
chemosynthetic community on whale bones in the deep Northeast Pacific, Marine
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19. R.R. Hessler et al. (1978), Scavenging amphipods from the floor of the Philippine
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20. J.D. Gage and P. Tyler (1991), Deep-Sea Biology: A Natural History of Organisms at
the Deep-Sea Floor (Cambridge University Press, London), 504 pp.
21. Ibid.
22. C.R. Smith and C. Rabouille (in press), What controls the mixed-layer depth in deepsea
sediments? the importance of POC flux, Limnology and Oceanography.
23. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (1994), Protocols for the Joint Global
Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) core measurements, Manuals and Guides No. 29,
UNESCO; IOC (1996), Oceanographic survey techniques and living resources
assessment methods, Manuals and Guides No. 32, UNESCO.
24. J. Dymond and R. Collier (1988), Biogenic particle fluxes in the equatorial Pacific:
evidence for both high and low productivity during the 1982-1983 El Nino, Global
Biogeochemical Cycles 2: 129-137; C.R. Smith et al. (1996), Phytodetritus at the
abyssal seafloor across 10 degrees of latitude in the central equatorial Pacific, Deep-
Sea Research II 43:1309-1338; S.R. Hare and N. J. Mantua (2000), Empirical
evidence for North Pacific regime shifts in 1977 and 1989, Progress in
Oceanography 47: 103-145.
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