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2. J. S. Chung <strong>and</strong> K. Tsurusaki (1994), Advance in deep-ocean mining systems<br />

research, The Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the Fourth (1994) <strong>International</strong> Offshore <strong>and</strong> Polar<br />

Engineering Conference (Osaka, Japan, April 10-15) 1: 18-31.<br />

3. D. D. Trueblood <strong>and</strong> E. Ozturgut (1997), The Benthic Impact Experiment: A study <strong>of</strong><br />

the ecological impacts <strong>of</strong> deep seabed mining on abyssal benthic communities, The<br />

Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the Seventh (1997) <strong>International</strong> Offshore <strong>and</strong> Polar Engineering<br />

Conference (Honolulu, Hawaii, May 25-30) 1: 481-487; G. Schriever (1997), Results<br />

<strong>of</strong> the large scale deep-sea <strong>environmental</strong> impact study DISCOL during eight years <strong>of</strong><br />

investigation, op. cit. 438-444; T. Radziejewska <strong>and</strong> J. Maslowski (1997), Macro- <strong>and</strong><br />

meiobenthos <strong>of</strong> the Arkona Basin (western Baltic Sea): Differential recovery following<br />

hypoxic events, in L.E. Hawkins <strong>and</strong> S. Hutchinson (eds.), Responses <strong>of</strong> Marine<br />

Organisms to Their Environments: Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the 30th European Marine Biology<br />

Symposium (Southampton Oceanography Centre, University <strong>of</strong> Southampton,<br />

Engl<strong>and</strong>, 18-22 September 1995), 251–262; H. Bluhm (1997), Megafauna as<br />

indicators for the recolonization <strong>of</strong> abyssal areas impacted by physical disturbances,<br />

Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the <strong>International</strong> Symposium on Environmental Studies for Deep-sea<br />

Mining (Metal Mining Agency <strong>of</strong> Japan, Tokyo, November 20-21, 1997), 211-221; Y.<br />

Shirayama <strong>and</strong> T. Fukushima (1997), Responses <strong>of</strong> a meiobenthic community to<br />

rapid resedimentation, op. cit., 187-196.<br />

4. N.A. Holme <strong>and</strong> A.D. McIntyre (eds.) (1984), Methods for the study <strong>of</strong> marine benthos<br />

(2nd edition, IBP H<strong>and</strong>book 16, Blackwell Scientific Publishers, Oxford, Engl<strong>and</strong>, for<br />

the <strong>International</strong> Biological Programme), 387 pp.<br />

5. E. Ozturgut , J. Lavelle <strong>and</strong> B. Erickson (1981), Estimated discharge characteristics<br />

<strong>of</strong> a commercial nodule mining operation, Marine Mining 3(1/2): 1-13.<br />

6. J. Petts <strong>and</strong> G. Eduljee (1994), Environmental Impact Assessment for Waste<br />

Treatment <strong>and</strong> Disposal Facilities (John Wiley <strong>and</strong> Sons, Chichester, Engl<strong>and</strong>), 448<br />

pp.<br />

7. L. W. Canter (1996), Environmental Impact Assessment (2nd edition, McGraw Hill,<br />

New York), 331 pp.<br />

8. From Deep-Seabed Polymetallic Nodule Exploration: Development <strong>of</strong> Environmental<br />

Guidelines (1999), Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the <strong>International</strong> Seabed Authority’s Workshop<br />

held in Sanya, Hainan Isl<strong>and</strong>, People’s Republic <strong>of</strong> China (1-5 June 1998), ISA<br />

(Kingston, Jamaica), chapt. 9, Guidelines for the assessment <strong>of</strong> the <strong>environmental</strong><br />

impacts from the exploration for polymetallic nodules in the Area, sect. 4, pp. 222-<br />

223.<br />

9. Ibid., chapt. 1, Exploration techniques <strong>and</strong> potential mining systems, table 1, p. 37.<br />

10. T. Yamazaki et al. (2001), Deep seabed mining environment: Preliminary engineering<br />

<strong>and</strong> <strong>environmental</strong> assessment, The Proceedings <strong>of</strong> the Fourth (2001) ISOPE Ocean<br />

Mining Symposium (<strong>International</strong> Society <strong>of</strong> Offshore <strong>and</strong> Polar Engineers, Szczecin,<br />

Pol<strong>and</strong>, September 23-27) 8-13. This gives <strong>data</strong> from the United States National<br />

Oceanic <strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Japan Deep-Sea Impact<br />

502<br />

INTERNATIONAL SEABED AUTHORITY

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