POSTER ABSTRACTS - ISAKOS

function of the ACL. However, in the evaluation of
the stability, attention has not been fully paid to
rotational instability, as grading of the pivot shift
test greatly depends on the clinician’s subjective
feel. In order to quantitatively evaluate the pivot
shift test, we have developed and reported a noninvasive
measurement system for knee kinematics
during the pivot shift phenomenon. The purpose
of our study was to examine the relationship
between the results of the quantitative
assessment of the pivot shift test and those of the
KT-1000 evaluation in the ACL-deficient knee.
Methods:
Twelve patients with ACL deficiencies were
included for the study. One experienced examiner
performed the pivot shift test with the maneuver
recommended by the IKDC under general
anesthesia. In the kinematics analysis of the pivot
shift phenomenon, three-dimensional
electromagnetic sensors were attached at the
distal femur, proximal and distal tibia. When the
pivot shift was clinically positive, a sudden
posterolateral translation of the tibia was
observed. As a parameter for evaluation, the total
amount of posterolateral translation of the tibia in
relation to the femur was calculated. Additionally,
anterior stability was also measured using KT-
1000 for the same subjects, and these results were
compared. Statistical analysis was performed
using paired t-test.
Results:
The pivot shift phenomenon was revealed in all
subjects and the total amount of posterolateral
translation of the tibia ranged from 3.9 to 39.3mm
(mean: 18.6±14.0mm). In the KT-1000 evaluation,
the manual maximum side-to-side difference
ranged from 3 to 10 mm (mean: 6.8±1.9mm),
while the maximum anterior translation for
injured knee by KT-1000 ranged from 15 to 24mm
(mean: 17.8±2.5mm). There was no significant
correlation between the side-to-side difference in
the KT-1000 evaluation and the result of the
quantitative assessment of the pivot shift test. By
contrast, a significant correlation was
demonstrated between the maximum translation
value for the injured knee in the KT-1000
evaluation and the amount of abnormal tibial
motion during the pivot shift test.
Conclusions:
Although the side-to-side difference in the KT-
1000 evaluation has been adopted as one of the
most widely used parameters for evaluation of
ACL function, these results did not correlate with
the extent of the rotational instability during the
pivot shift test. The results of our study suggest
that attention should be paid to the rotational
instability as well as anterior instability in
evaluation of the ACL function.
E-poster w/ Standard #423
A Thirteen-Year Review of Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Injuries in Collegiate Basketball and
Soccer
Julie Agel, Minneapolis, MN, USA, Presenter
Elizabeth A. Arendt, Minneapolis, MN USA
Boris Bershadsky, Minneapolis, MN USA
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Objectives: In 1995 Arendt & Dick found that the
rate of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury was
significantly higher in female collegiate basketball
and soccer players compared to males. This
report was undertaken to determine if the trends
reported by Arendt & Dick have continued. We
reviewed the NCAA Injury Surveillance System
from the 1989/1990-2001/2002 academic years to
establish the trend of ACL injury and the
mechanism of injury in male and female athletes.
Materials and Methods: The NCAA ISS database
was reviewed for all data relating to Men and
Women’s basketball and soccer anterior cruciate
ligament injuries for 1990-2002. Non-contact
injuries were classified as those reported to be no
apparent contact, contact with the ball, or contact
with the floor. Those injuries reported as
occurring due to contact with another person or
equipment were considered contact injuries. An
injury is defined as an event requiring medical
attention and resulting in restriction of the
student-athletes’ participation for one or more
days. Injury rates are reported per 1000 athleteexposures.
An athlete-exposure is one player
participating in a game or practice where there is
a possibility of an injury being sustained.
Results: We obtained a representative (15.6%)
sample of NCAA schools. No significant
difference was seen in basketball comparing
frequency of contact versus non-contact injuries
between males (70.1%) and females (75.7%). Male
basketball players sustained 37 contact injuries
and 78 non-contact injuries. Female basketball
players sustained 100 contact injuries compared
to 305 non-contact injuries. In soccer, there was a
significant difference in frequency of injury for
male (49.6%) and female (58.3%) athletes when
comparing contact to non-contact injuries (chi-sq
= 4.1, p < .05). Male soccer players sustained 72
contact injuries and 66 non-contact injuries.