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get rearrested. Age was also a sigmficant predictor of rearrest, with older inmates showing a lower likelihood of rearrest. In both types of analyses (all discharges v. successfd discharges only), the program effect of TC was non-simcant. We also examined whether the effects of TC varied by institution, since some differences in TC implementation were observed at the five institutions. We entered a categorical variable that reflected the effect of the institutional setting (see Model 2 in Tables 21 and 22). None of these institutional effects were statistically significant, suggesting that the impact of TC on rearrest was invariant across the five institutions. Finally, we estimated rearrest rates using predicted probabilities fiom logistic regression equations (see Figure 4). TC resulted in a slightly lower probability of rearrest (11% v. 14%), e with results adjusted for the effects of control variables. Although the difference between the TC and Comparison groups was not statistically significant, the log-odds ratios reported in Tables 21 and 22 show that Comparison group inmates were 1.3 - 1.4 times as likely as TC inmates to be rearrested when the effects of all other variables were statistically controlled. Patterns of survival and risk (hazard) for rearrest can be seen in Table 23. For the Comparison group, there was a sizeable drop in cumulative survival from 90% to 81% between six to 9 months following release fiom prison. Cumulative survival dropped again at the 9-month interval to 62%, and again at the 15-month interval, where it declined precipitously fiom 62% to 43%. Again, the 15-month interval appears to be a particularly high-risk interval, although the addition of further cases will help clari@ survival patterns over time. The hazard hction shown in Figure 5 reveals the survival advantage enjoyed by TC inmates after 12 months. 106 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
Table20 ~~~ Rearrest Sample Characteristics Comparison TC Group Group ValidN Mean ValidN Mean Sig. Amount of Time at Risk (months) 536 (s.d.) (s.d.) 10.1 162 10.0 fls i (3.05) (2.9) 534 34.9 162 36.8 * Time to Minimum (months) 534 (8.4) -20.1 162 (8.7) -5.0 * Current Offense Severity (0- 10) (35.4) (28.7) 534 4.4 162 5.4 * Prior Offense Severity (0- 10) 534 (2.7) 4.8 162 (2.2) 5.5 * Standardized Drug Score 391 (2.9) -0.1 160 (2.4) 0.4 * (1.O) (0.9) a TCU Drug Screen Score (0- 9) 186 4.0 121 5.7 * (2.9) (2.8) PACSI Screening Instrument (0- 10) 334 7.6 145 8.6 * Total Treatment Exposure 519 (2.6) 50.2 160 ( 1 -8) 880.1 * (86.4) (508.0) * p -c .05 using 2-tailed t-test. 107 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
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The author(s) shown below used Fede
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Evaluation of Pri
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e the same five institutions were c
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0 0 Treatment staff showed a high l
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Policy Issues and Recommendations R
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1. Overview In fro duction Like oth
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a years old. Offenders were serving
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integrated into the other activitie
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e repeatedly incarcerated, but untr
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0 According to a recent report by t
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e and Camacho, 1997), and the Feder
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8% lower reincarceration rate compa
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e reincarcerated, compared to only
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e of less violence and greater drug
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included those clients who graduate
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e conjunction with the National Ins
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@ drug use than untreated women (35
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9 serve, then they were removed fio
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programming per week (mean = 30 hr/
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participation in treatment) and pos
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1990; Bonta, 1996; Jones, 1996). Th
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Admission and Classification. 1 I I
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e or both’*. TC clients were aske
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e Post-release indicators focused u
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a Independent Variables One excelle
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state prison system. The test-retes
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e high correlation with the Beck De
Page 57 and 58: The social conformity scale has dis
Page 59 and 60: e (Simpson, 1997). Items assess the
Page 61 and 62: @ Sample Characteristics For each i
Page 63 and 64: ~~ 0 inmates participated in AOD pr
Page 65 and 66: ~ ~~ a Table 5 Treatment Exposure:
Page 67 and 68: Inmates in the four program types d
Page 69 and 70: dichotomous outcomes such as reinca
Page 71 and 72: We also observed statkg ratios (inm
Page 73 and 74: e until they are mandated to go, so
Page 75 and 76: a Table 8 Inmate Characteristics bv
Page 77 and 78: more counselors and that the progra
Page 79 and 80: Waymart. Inmates attend a morning m
Page 81 and 82: current TC inmates (REST and CRC fo
Page 83 and 84: ~ ~~~~ e However, a number of inmat
Page 85 and 86: e Counselor ratings of client attri
Page 87 and 88: @ process across the five programs,
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 Mean CRC Scores: Time 1, T
Page 91 and 92: Table 12 Mean CRC Scores: Paired Sa
Page 93 and 94: Table 14 ChanPes in Ratings of Trea
Page 95 and 96: DOC custody for a parole violation,
Page 97 and 98: 0 Table 15 Number and Type of Relea
Page 99 and 100: Because few inmates had been releas
Page 101 and 102: 0 Table 16 Reincarceration SamDle C
Page 103 and 104: 0 Table 18 Lopistic Repression of R
Page 105 and 106: Table 19 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
Page 107: Rearrests Rearrest analyses were ba
Page 111 and 112: Table 22 LoPistic Repression of Rea
Page 113 and 114: Table 23 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
Page 115 and 116: e Drug Relapse and Other Parole Dat
Page 117 and 118: successfill discharges only), the e
Page 119 and 120: treatment, psychological hctioning)
Page 121 and 122: Table 25 Logistic Repression of Dru
Page 123 and 124: i Comparison Group TC Group Note. E
Page 125 and 126: c 0 E 40% icr E Cresson Graterford
Page 127 and 128: Hazard Function V C comparison grou
Page 129 and 130: For each of the three dependent var
Page 131 and 132: V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Page 133 and 134: Employment may help prevent drug re
Page 135 and 136: group did get some treatment help
Page 137 and 138: Recommendations: 2. Correctional ad
Page 139 and 140: an inmate gets closer to hisher min
Page 141 and 142: Findings suggested that certain inm
Page 143 and 144: e Finding: TC programs varied littl
Page 145 and 146: an evaluation study can be linked w
Page 147 and 148: and Ryder, 2001; Travis and Petersi
Page 149 and 150: References Andrews, Donald A. (1995
Page 151 and 152: Derogatis, L.R., H. Yevzeroff, and
Page 153 and 154: Hiller, Matthew L.; Knight, Kevin,
Page 155 and 156: the Physician Leadership on Nationa
Page 157 and 158: Palmer, Ted. (1995) "Programmatic a
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Simpson, D. Dwayne (1994) TCUPTA Fo
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U.S. Department of Justice (1998) S
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Criminal Justice. U.S. GPO. No. 198
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Appendix I. Overview of DOC Databas
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INMATE RECORDS SYSTEM This database
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Inmate (Program Participant) Interv
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' Appendix 3. Subject Consent Form
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Confidentiali@/Anonymitv I understa
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DRUG SCREEN PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INF
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@ Appendix 5. TCU Resident Evaluati
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TIiEATMENT (
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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Appendix 6. TCU Counselor Rating of
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COUNSELOR RATING OF CLIENT (CONTINU
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@ INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-T
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pattern, chemical abuse and health
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~ on the inmate with respect to pre
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1. Presence of AOD problem that has
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@ and consists of suggestions on ho
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0 tasks, the inmate must receive a
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StaffDemographics (fidl time AOD st
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@ provided describing drug and alco
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The Inmate Handbook also lists reas
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Examples of Phase I1 problem areas
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counselor and through institutional
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9. What are the criteria for succes
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and then listing an alternative ass
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Finally, in Phase IV the inmate is
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INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-TEM
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Specific Program Content and Struct
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Name of Staff Member: Job Title: Hi
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