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environment (e.g., the pull-up system) toward their own ends. Two TC programs (Cresson and
Waymart) did not use pull-ups as part of their system of sanctions and
Whether inmate and programmatic differences significantly influence treatment outcomes
(reincarceration, rearrest and relapse) or not is an important empirical question. Because some
signiscant differences were found across the five TC programs, multivariate analyses of outcome
should be sensitive to their potential influence. In multivariate analyses (logistic regression), we
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entered into equations individual inmate differences such as prior and current offense severity. To
examine the potential influence of programmatic differences on outcomes, we entered dummy
variables reflecting the influence of each separate TC program. In this way, we could determine
the degree to which treatment outcomes were influenced (ifat all) by programmatic differences.
Within-Program Changes
When the study began in January 2000, all inmates enrolled in TC, Education, or
Outpatient drug treatment programs were approached and asked to participate in the study. Those
who agreed to participate signed our Subject Consent Form and completed the TCU Drug
Screen. In addition, TC inmates were asked to complete the TCU Resident Evaluation of Self and
Treatment (REST) form, and TC counselors were asked to complete the TCU Counselor Rating
of Client (CRC) form for each current TC inmate on their caseload. Once initial testing was
completed, we approached only new admissions to solicit their participation in the study.
The cut-off date for adding new admissions to the study sample was November 30,2000.
Collection of discharge information for all inmates admitted prior to November 30, retesting of
23 Pull-ups are often perceived as an important vehicle for encouraging inmate self-determination
and responsibility in a TC program (DeLeon, 2000; ONDCP, 1999).
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This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not
been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s)
and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.