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Table 6 SamDle Characteristics bv Program TvDe Education Outpatient TC Alumni ValidN Mean ValidN Mean ValidN Mean ValidN Mean (s.d.) (s.d.) (s.d.) (s.d.) Age at time of admission 1130 34.9 894 35.5 742 35.6 120 36.9 n.s. Time to minimum (months) 1109 (9.4) 2.5 890 (8.8) -2.5 739 (9.1) 8.9 118 (7.9) -5.6 n.s (107.8) ( 10 1 e o ) (76.8) (42.9) Current Offense Severity (0-10) 1116 5.1 885 5.1 733 5.5 116 5.4 * (3.0) (2.7) (2.5) (3.2) Prior Offense Severity (0-10) 1116 4.6 885 4.8 733 4.8 116 4.2 * (3.1) (2.8) (2.7) (3.2) Standardized Drug Score (Z) 909 -.39 670 -.OS 722 .34 78 .36 * (1.0) (-98) (JW (-70) TCU Drug Screen Score (0-9) 508 3.5 315 4.2 564 5.6 17 5.8 * (2.9) (2.9) (2.7) (2.7) PACSI Drug Score (0-10) 745 6.6 573 7.7 653 8.5 69 8.6 * (3-2) (2.6) (1.9) (1.7) Total treatment exposure 1080 32.0 826 79.2 723 836.6 118 51.1 * (57.8) (138.1) (545.7) (52.9) * p < .05 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. 64
Inmates in the four program types did not differ significantly in age at the time of program admission, or in the number of months remaining in their minimum sentences at the time of program admission. However, significant variability was observed in time remaining to minimum release date. Many inmates, particularly those in the Outpatient and Alumni groups, were already well past their minimum release date, suggesting that many had already been denied parole at least once.” TC and Alumni inmates were likely to have more serious current offense histories, suggesting that higher risk inmates were targeted €or TC placement. However, both TC and Outpatient inmates tended to have more serious prior offense histories. Relatively high prior offense severity scores for Outpatient inmates may partially explain why so many of them have 0 seen their minimum release dates come and go. The Parole Board would certainly consider both prior and current offense histories in considering parole applications. The four groups also differed significantly on need for treatment, regardless of which of three criteria were examined (TCU Drug Screen score, PACSI score, or standardized Z score on either instrument). In each case, TC and Alumni inmates had slightly higher mean drug scores, suggesting appropriate program placement into TC. However, Table 6 also revealed clearly that most inmates in the sample, even those placed in low-intensity Education and Outpatient programs, met and surpassed the minimum eligibility criteria for TC placement (i.e., a minimum TCU Drug Screen score of 3, or a minimum PACSI score of 5). 0 Data inspections conducted by DOC personnel also suggested that some inmates in our sample simply “rolled over” fi-om one sentence to another (e.g., consecutive sentences for different convictions). As a result, they may have been assigned a new inmate number, but their old minimum release date remained attached to their old inmate number in the DOC database. In some cases we were able to make corrections based upon individual database searches. 65 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
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The author(s) shown below used Fede
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Table of Contents Executive Summary
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Evaluation of Pri
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e the same five institutions were c
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0 0 Treatment staff showed a high l
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Policy Issues and Recommendations R
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1. Overview In fro duction Like oth
Page 15 and 16: a years old. Offenders were serving
Page 17 and 18: integrated into the other activitie
Page 19 and 20: e repeatedly incarcerated, but untr
Page 21 and 22: 0 According to a recent report by t
Page 23 and 24: e and Camacho, 1997), and the Feder
Page 25 and 26: 8% lower reincarceration rate compa
Page 27 and 28: e reincarcerated, compared to only
Page 29 and 30: e of less violence and greater drug
Page 31 and 32: included those clients who graduate
Page 33 and 34: e conjunction with the National Ins
Page 35 and 36: @ drug use than untreated women (35
Page 37 and 38: 9 serve, then they were removed fio
Page 39 and 40: programming per week (mean = 30 hr/
Page 41 and 42: participation in treatment) and pos
Page 43 and 44: 1990; Bonta, 1996; Jones, 1996). Th
Page 45 and 46: Admission and Classification. 1 I I
Page 47 and 48: e or both’*. TC clients were aske
Page 49 and 50: e Post-release indicators focused u
Page 51 and 52: a Independent Variables One excelle
Page 53 and 54: state prison system. The test-retes
Page 55 and 56: e high correlation with the Beck De
Page 57 and 58: The social conformity scale has dis
Page 59 and 60: e (Simpson, 1997). Items assess the
Page 61 and 62: @ Sample Characteristics For each i
Page 63 and 64: ~~ 0 inmates participated in AOD pr
Page 65: ~ ~~ a Table 5 Treatment Exposure:
Page 69 and 70: dichotomous outcomes such as reinca
Page 71 and 72: We also observed statkg ratios (inm
Page 73 and 74: e until they are mandated to go, so
Page 75 and 76: a Table 8 Inmate Characteristics bv
Page 77 and 78: more counselors and that the progra
Page 79 and 80: Waymart. Inmates attend a morning m
Page 81 and 82: current TC inmates (REST and CRC fo
Page 83 and 84: ~ ~~~~ e However, a number of inmat
Page 85 and 86: e Counselor ratings of client attri
Page 87 and 88: @ process across the five programs,
Page 89 and 90: Table 10 Mean CRC Scores: Time 1, T
Page 91 and 92: Table 12 Mean CRC Scores: Paired Sa
Page 93 and 94: Table 14 ChanPes in Ratings of Trea
Page 95 and 96: DOC custody for a parole violation,
Page 97 and 98: 0 Table 15 Number and Type of Relea
Page 99 and 100: Because few inmates had been releas
Page 101 and 102: 0 Table 16 Reincarceration SamDle C
Page 103 and 104: 0 Table 18 Lopistic Repression of R
Page 105 and 106: Table 19 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
Page 107 and 108: Rearrests Rearrest analyses were ba
Page 109 and 110: Table20 ~~~ Rearrest Sample Charact
Page 111 and 112: Table 22 LoPistic Repression of Rea
Page 113 and 114: Table 23 Survival Analvsis: Life Ta
Page 115 and 116: e Drug Relapse and Other Parole Dat
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successfill discharges only), the e
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treatment, psychological hctioning)
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Table 25 Logistic Repression of Dru
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i Comparison Group TC Group Note. E
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c 0 E 40% icr E Cresson Graterford
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Hazard Function V C comparison grou
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For each of the three dependent var
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V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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Employment may help prevent drug re
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group did get some treatment help
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Recommendations: 2. Correctional ad
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an inmate gets closer to hisher min
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Findings suggested that certain inm
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e Finding: TC programs varied littl
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an evaluation study can be linked w
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and Ryder, 2001; Travis and Petersi
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References Andrews, Donald A. (1995
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Derogatis, L.R., H. Yevzeroff, and
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Hiller, Matthew L.; Knight, Kevin,
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the Physician Leadership on Nationa
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Palmer, Ted. (1995) "Programmatic a
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Simpson, D. Dwayne (1994) TCUPTA Fo
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U.S. Department of Justice (1998) S
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Criminal Justice. U.S. GPO. No. 198
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Appendix I. Overview of DOC Databas
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INMATE RECORDS SYSTEM This database
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Inmate (Program Participant) Interv
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' Appendix 3. Subject Consent Form
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Confidentiali@/Anonymitv I understa
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DRUG SCREEN PLEASE COMPLETE ALL INF
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@ Appendix 5. TCU Resident Evaluati
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TIiEATMENT (
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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EVALUATION OF SELF AND TREATMENT (C
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Appendix 6. TCU Counselor Rating of
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COUNSELOR RATING OF CLIENT (CONTINU
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@ INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-T
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pattern, chemical abuse and health
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~ on the inmate with respect to pre
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1. Presence of AOD problem that has
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@ and consists of suggestions on ho
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0 tasks, the inmate must receive a
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StaffDemographics (fidl time AOD st
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@ provided describing drug and alco
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The Inmate Handbook also lists reas
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Examples of Phase I1 problem areas
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counselor and through institutional
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9. What are the criteria for succes
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and then listing an alternative ass
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Finally, in Phase IV the inmate is
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INDIVIDUAL PROGRAM REPORTS: DOC-TEM
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Specific Program Content and Struct
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Name of Staff Member: Job Title: Hi
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