RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

Notes
ENERGY UNITS AND CONVERSION FACTORS
Metric prefixes
kilo (k) = 10 3
mega (M) = 10 6
giga (G) = 10 9
Volume
1 m 3 = 1,000 litres (l)
1 U.S. gallon = 3.78 l
1 Imperial gallon = 4.55 l
tera (T) = 10 12
peta (P) = 10 15
exa (E) = 10 18
Example:
1 TJ = 1,000 GJ = 1,000,000 MJ = 1,000,000,000 kJ = 1,000,000,000,000 J = 1012 J
1 J = 0.001 MJ = 0.000001 GJ = 0.000000001 TJ
Energy unit conversion
multiply by: GJ Toe MBtu MWh
Toe = tonnes oil equivalent
1 Mtoe = 41.9 PJ
GJ 1 0.024 0.948 0.278
Toe 41.868 1 39.683 11.630
MBtu 1.055 0.025 1 0.293
MWh 3.600 0.086 3.412 1
Example: 1 MWh x 3.600 = 3.6 GJ
Heat of combustion (high heat values)
1 l gasoline = 47.0 MJ/kg = 35.2 MJ/l (density 0.75 kg/l)
1 l ethanol = 29.7 MJ/kg = 23.4 MJ/l (density 0.79 kg/l)
1 l diesel = 45.0 MJ/kg = 37.3 MJ/l (density 0.83 kg/l)
1 l biodiesel = 40.0 MJ/kg = 35.2 MJ/l (density 0.88 kg/l)
Solar thermal heat systems
1 million m² = 0.7 GW th
Used where solar thermal heat data have been converted
from square metres (m²) into gigawatts thermal (GW th
), by
accepted convention.
Note: 1) These values can vary with fuel and temperature.
2) Around 1.5 litres of ethanol is required to equate
to 1 litre of gasoline.
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