RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

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02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TECHNOLOGY – Ocean Energy Andritz (Austria) increased its stake to a majority share in the Norwegian ocean energy company Hammerfest Strøm AS, now known as Andritz Hydro Hammerfest. 17 Iberdrola (Spain) also holds a share in the company, which has a tidal turbine operating at EMEC in Scotland. 18 Marine Current Turbines (U.K.) is now wholly owned by Siemens (Germany). 19 The company recently celebrated five years of operating its SeaGen turbine, the world’s largest grid-connected tidal stream turbine, off the coast of Northern Ireland. 20 A joint venture between Vattenfall (Sweden) and Pelamis Wave Power (Scotland) to develop a 10 MW wave farm off the west coast of Shetland will be facilitated by an approved 370 MW wind farm on the island, which paves the way for needed interconnection to mainland Scotland. 21 This may indicate a potential synergy between ocean energy and other near-shore renewable energy projects. Vattenfall had noted previously that the project was predicated on such interconnection. 22 Another joint venture, between Atlantis Resources Corporation (U.K.), investment bank Morgan Stanley, and power generator International Power (U.K.), hopes to start work on the 400 MW Meygen tidal power project in northern Scotland’s Pentland Firth in <strong>2013</strong>. 23 The project would use Atlantis Resources’ AR 1000 1 MW tidal turbine that completed testing at the Narec testing grounds last year, as well as turbines from Andritz Hydro Hammerfest. 24 With USD 5 million in new funding from the Canadian government, Atlantis has joined partners to deploy one of its turbines on Canada’s Atlantic coast in the Bay of Fundy, which is famous for having the highest tidal range in the world, at 17 metres. 25 Solar Photovoltaics (PV) ■■Solar PV Markets The solar photovoltaic (PV) market saw another strong year, with total global operating capacity reaching the 100 GW milestone in 2012. 1 The market was fairly stable relative to 2011, with slightly less capacity brought on line but likely higher shipment levels, and the more than 29.4 GW added represented nearly one-third of total global capacity in operation at year’s end. 2 (See Figure 11 and Reference Table R5.) The thin film market share fell from 15% in 2011 to 13% in 2012. 3 Eight countries added more than 1 GW of solar PV to their grids in 2012, and the distribution of new installations continued to broaden. 4 The top markets—Germany, Italy, China, the United States, and Japan—were also the leaders for total capacity. 5 By year’s end, eight countries in Europe, three in Asia, the United States, and Australia had at least 1 GW of total capacity. 6 The leaders for solar PV per inhabitant were Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Greece, and Australia. 7 Europe again dominated the market, adding 16.9 GW and accounting for about 57% of newly installed capacity, to end 2012 with 70 GW in operation. 8 But additions were down from 22 GW and more than 70% of the global market in 2011; the region’s first market decline since at least 2000 was due largely to reduced incentives (including FIT payments) and general policy uncertainty, with the most significant drop in Italy. 9 Regardless, for the second year running the EU installed more PV than any other electricity-generating technology: PV represented about 37% of all new capacity in 2012. 10 As its share of generation increases, PV is starting to affect the structure and management of Europe’s electricity system, and is increasingly facing barriers that include direct competition with conventional electricity producers and saturation of local grids. 11 Italy and Germany both ended 2012 with more solar PV than wind capacity in operation, together accounting for almost half of the global total. 12 (See Figure 12.) Germany added a record 7.6 GW, up just slightly over the previous two years, increasing its total to 32.4 GW. 13 Solar PV generated 28 TWh of electricity in Germany during 2012, up 45% over 2011. 14 Italy reached a total capacity of 16.4 GW; however, the 3.6 GW brought on line was far lower than additions in 2011. 15 Other top EU markets included France (1.1 GW), the United Kingdom (0.9 GW), Greece (0.9 GW), Bulgaria (0.8 MW), and Belgium (0.6 MW). 16 All saw total operating capacity increase 30% or more, with Bulgaria’s capacity rising sixfold, although France’s market was down relative to 2011. 17 Beyond Europe, about 12.5 GW was added worldwide, up from 8 GW in 2011. 18 The largest markets were China (3.5 GW), the United States (3.3 GW), Japan (1.7 GW), Australia (1 GW), and India (almost 1 GW). 19 Asia (7 GW) and North America (3.6 GW) followed Europe for capacity added; by year’s end, Asia was rising rapidly and was second only to Europe for total operating capacity. 20 U.S. capacity was up nearly 85% in 2012 to 7.2 GW. 21 California had a record year (>1 GW added) and was home to 35% of total U.S. capacity. 22 But PV is spreading to more states, driven by falling prices and innovative financing and ownership models such as solar leasing, community solar investments, and 40
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) Figure 11. Solar PV Global Capacity, 1995–2012 Gigawatts 100 90 80 70 71 100 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 40 24 16 5.4 7 10 0.9 1.2 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 4.0 0.6 0.7 0.8 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Source: See Endnote 2 for this section. Figure 12. Solar PV Global Capacity, Shares of Top 10 Countries, 2012 Rest of World 6.7% Other EU 7.4% Czech Republic 2.1% Germany 32% Australia 2.4% Belgium 2.6% France 4.0% Spain 5.1% Italy 16% Japan 6.6% China 7.0% United States 7.2% Global Total = ~100 GW Source: See Endnote 12 for this section. Figure 13. Market Shares of Top 15 Solar PV Module Manufacturers, 2012 First Solar (USA) 5.3% Canadian Solar (Canada) 4.6% Trina Solar (China) 4.7% Sharp (Japan) 3.0% SunPower (USA) 2.6% Kyocera (Japan) 2.1% REC (Norway) 2.0% Others 50% Yingli Green Energy (China) 6.7% Suntech Power (China) 4.7% JA Solar (China) 2.8% Jinko Solar (China) 2.6% Hareon Solar (China) 2.5% Hanwha-SolarOne (China) 2.5% ReneSola (China) 2.1% Tianwei New Energy (China) 2.0% Source: See Endnote 75 for this section. 02 Based on 35.5 GW produced in 2012. Renewables <strong>2013</strong> Global Status Report 41
Page 1 and 2: RenewableS 2013 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Access to modern energy en
Page 5 and 6: TABLES TABLE 1 Estimated Direct and
Page 7 and 8: REN21 Flagship Products and Activit
Page 9 and 10: ■■Lead Regional and Country Res
Page 11 and 12: ■■Reviewers and other Contribut
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewable energy
Page 15 and 16: In response to rapidly changing mar
Page 17 and 18: TOP FIVE COUNTRIES ANNUAL INVESTMEN
Page 19 and 20: 01 GLOBAL MARKET AND INDUSTRY OVERV
Page 21 and 22: ■■Power Sector Total renewable
Page 23 and 24: Sidebar 1. The REN21 Renewables Glo
Page 25 and 26: ■■Heating and Cooling Sector Mo
Page 27 and 28: 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TE
Page 29 and 30: ecame a net importer of ethanol (ma
Page 31 and 32: data. About 230 co-firing plants we
Page 33 and 34: ■■Liquid Biofuels Industry The
Page 35 and 36: ■■Geothermal Industry A large n
Page 37 and 38: Sidebar 3. Sustainability Spotlight
Page 39: Ocean Energy ■■Ocean Energy Mar
Page 43 and 44: plant that started operating in 201
Page 45 and 46: Figure 14. Concentrating Solar Ther
Page 47 and 48: SOLAR THERMAL HEATING Figure 15. So
Page 49 and 50: Wind Power ■■Wind Power Markets
Page 51 and 52: Pacific to add capacity (0.4 GW), b
Page 53 and 54: Sidebar 4. Jobs in Renewable Energy
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 2. Status of Renewable Energy
Page 57 and 58: 03 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
Page 59 and 60: Germany invested more than any othe
Page 61 and 62: ■■Investment by Technology In 2
Page 63 and 64: ■■Renewable Energy Investment i
Page 65 and 66: 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE The number of p
Page 67 and 68: announced its target to develop 1 G
Page 69 and 70: In Europe, two existing RPS policie
Page 71 and 72: Sidebar 7. Linking Renewable Energy
Page 73 and 74: government targets called for an es
Page 75 and 76: establishments, including hospitals
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 79 and 80: Policy MAPS FIGURE 25. COUNTRIES WI
Page 81 and 82: 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Access to
Page 83 and 84: Solid biomass applications for dryi
Page 85 and 86: presents significant gaps among cou
Page 87 and 88: micro turbines were added to provid
Page 89 and 90: 06 FEATURE: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION B
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■■The Economic Challenge Conven
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REFERENCE TABLES TABLE R1. GLOBAL R
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Table R3. WOOD PELLET GLOBAL TRADE,
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TABLE R5. SOLAR PV GLOBAL CAPACITY
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TABLE R7. SOLAR WATER HEATING GLOBA
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TABLE R9. GLOBAL TRENDS IN RENEWABL
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TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
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TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
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TABLE R11 ANNEX. SHARE OF ELECTRICI
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TABLE R12. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY T
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TABLE R14. CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF COU
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R17. ELECTRICITY ACCESS BY RE
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TABLE R18. POPULATION RELYING ON TR
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Council i , have shifted to trackin
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solar beam that heats a working flu
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Renewable portfolio standard (RPS)
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BIPV BNEF BOS
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- Solar, 4 March 2013; MERCOM Capit
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from MNRE, “Achievements,” op.
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68 Dong Energy, “Green Heat to th
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are preliminary and are based on P.
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made, this has not yet become evide
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Hydropower 1 International Hydropow
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47 IMPSA, “Corporate Presentation
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op. cit. note 1, p. 13. Below expec
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66 Based on production capacity of
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7 Technology dominates from Proterm
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4 Ibid., p. 2. 5 Franz Mauthner, AE
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48 Daniel Rowe, Commonwealth Scient
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of 1,905 MW; and Poland added 880 M
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Global Wind Turbine OEM Market Lead
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capacity factors range from around
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Policy Landscape 1 This section is
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Launches Massive Renewable Program
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on Dec. 1,” biofuelsdigest.com, 2
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RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 1 Internatio
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Feature: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 1 Se
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Power: 2012 European Statistics (Br
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