RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TECHNOLOGY – Hydropower
IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate
Change Mitigation (Cambridge, U.K. and New York: Cambridge
University Press, 2012), p. 484; supporting variable renewables
from IHA, personal communication with REN21, 25 January
2013, and from Andreas Lindström and Jakob Granit, Large-Scale
Water Storage in the Water, Energy and Food Nexus: Perspectives
on Benefits, Risks and Best Practices (Stockholm: Stockholm
International Water Institute, August 2012), p. 4; environmental
and social impacts from World Commission on Dams, Dams
and Development: A New Framework for Decision Making. The
Report of the World Commission on Dams (London: Earthscan,
2000), from Kumar et al., op. cit. this note, p. 463, and from IHA,
op. cit. this note; maximise positive impacts and Norway from
Tormod Andrei Schei, Statkraft, personal communication with
REN21, 20 February 2013; fish-friendly technologies from IEA,
“Technology Roadmap: Hydropower” (Paris: 2012); optimising
environmental flows from J.H. Halleraker et al., “Application of
multi scale habitat modelling techniques and ecohydrological
analysis for optimized management of a regulated national salmon
watercourse in Norway,” in Proceedings from the final meeting
in Silkeborg, Denmark. COST 626, European Aquatic Modelling
Network, May 2005; new directions for project planning, no-go
project areas, and protection, from IHA, op. cit. this note; Laos
from I. Matsumoto, Expanding Failure: An Assessment of the
Theun-Hinboun Hydropower Expansion Project’s Compliance with
Equator Principles and Lao Law (BankTrack; FIVAS, International
Rivers, Les Amis de la Terre; and Justice and International Mission
Unit, Uniting Church in Australia, 2009); International Finance
Corporation, Performance Standards on Environmental and Social
Sustainability (Washington, DC: 2012).
12 “Turkey Turns to Hydropower,” Deutsche Welle, 25 September
2012.
13 “Hydropower Licenses Reign in 2011,” op. cit. note 5; year-end
capacity in 2011 of 18.98 GW from EPDK, op. cit. note 5; 2012
capacity addition of 2,031 MW from HEA, op. cit. note 5.
14 Susanne Güsten, “Construction of Disputed Turkish Dam
Continues,” New York Times, 27 February 2013.
15 By end-2012, total hydro capacity in Brazil was reported as 84
GW, including 4.3 GW of small hydro capacity. An estimated 1,857
MW was added in 2012, per ANEEL, “Capacidade de geração...,”
op. cit. note 2.
16 ANEEL, “Fiscalização dos serviços de geração,” op. cit. note 2;
Alcoa, “Alcoa participates in the Inauguration of Estreito Hydro
Power Plant in Brazil,” press release (New York: 25 October 2012);
“Brazil’s 362-MW Maua hydropower project gets permit after
11-year delay,” HydroWorld.com, 24 October 2012; Santo Antonio
Energia, “Installed capacity of 3,150 MW,” at www.santoantonioenergia.com.br.
17 GDF Suez and International Power, “Expansion of Jirau Hydro
Project in Brazil,” press release (London: 18 August 2011); “Ibama
grants license for 3,750-MW Jirau hydropower plant,” HydroWorld.
com, 24 October 2012.
18 “Hydro Power Latin America,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com,
21 June 2012. In August 2012, the Supreme Court reversed a
lower court’s decision to suspend Belo Monte due to insufficient
consultation with indigenous people, per Michael Harris,
“Suspension of Brazil’s 11.2-GW Belo Monte Overturned,”
RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 29 August 2012.
19 “Brazil’s Itaipu hydropower plant sets new production record in
2012,” HydroWorld.com, 7 January 2013.
20 An estimated 1,852 MW of new hydropower capacity was
commissioned in 2012, with year-end capacity being 12,951
MW, per National Electricity Center of Vietnam, “Báo cáo tâng kêt
năm 2012,” op. cit. note 5; 2011 year-end capacity was merely
10,182 MW, or 2,769 MW less than 2012 year-end capacity, per
idem, “Báo cáo năm 2011,” op. cit. note 5; largest from “Son La
Hydropower Plant-project of the century,” Vietnamplus.vn, 26
February 2013.
21 RusHydro, op. cit. note 2; System Operator of the Unified Energy
System of Russia, “Boguchan plant produced...,” op. cit. note 2;
2012 capacity of 46 GW on 1 January 2013 from System Operator
of the Unified Energy System of Russia, “Operational Data for
December 2012,” op. cit. note 2.
22 RusHydro, www.sshges.rushydro.ru/press/news-materials/
presskit/company/.
23 HEA, Brussels, personal communication with REN21, May 2013.
Also, RusHydro reported installing 3,699 MW in 2012 (see http://
minenergo.gov.ru/press/company_news/14093.html), but it
appears that some of this is repowering.
24 Federal Government of Mexico, Ministry of Energy, electricity
statistics, at www.energia.gob.mx; “CFE launches 750MW La
Yesca hydro plant,” www.bnamericas.com, 7 November 2012.
25 Power Machines, “The second hydropower unit of La Yesca HPP is
put onto operation,” press release (Moscow: 20 December 2012).
26 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, op. cit. note 2; Hydro-
Québec, op. cit. note 2, p. 6.
27 Additions of large (>25 MW) hydropower facilities of about 591
MW from Central Electricity Authority of India, Monthly Report of
Power Sector Reports (Executive Summary), at www.cea.nic.in/
executive_summary.html; additions of small hydropower facilities
of 157 MW and year-end capacity of about 3.5 GW from Ministry of
New and Renewable Energy, Annual Report 2012-2013, at http://
mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/publications/annual-report-2/
(note that these cover February through January of following
year); total year-end capacity for large facilities of 39.34 GW from
Central Electricity Authority of India, “List of H.E. Stations in the
Country With Station Capacity Above 25 MW,” www.cea.nic.in/
archives/hydro/list_station/dec12.pdf.
28 Alstom, “Alstom to supply hydroelectric equipment for the Grand
Renaissance dam in Ethiopia,” press release (Levallois-Perret
Cedex, France: 7 January 2013).
29 “Ethiopia begins tests on Sudan power project,” African Review of
Business and Technology, 17 December 2012, at www.africanreview.com.
30 The World Bank and the African Development Fund provide
funding for this project. African Development Bank Group,
Ethiopia-Kenya Electricity Highway, Project Appraisal Report (Tunis:
September 2012).
31 Jeremy M. Martin and Juan Carlos Posadas, “Central America’s
Electric Sector: The Path to Interconnection and a Regional
Market,” Journal of Energy Security (Institute for the Analysis
of Global Security), 13 August 2012; Power Engineering
International, “Feature: Central America’s landmark interconnection
project,” 13 March 2013, at www.powerengineeringint.com.
32 CDM Policy Dialogue, Climate Change, Carbon Markets and the
CDM: A Call to Action – Report of the High-Level Panel on the CDM
Policy Dialogue (Luxembourg: 2012), p. 2; Mathew Carr, “Carbon
Markets Threatened if EU Backload Plan Fails, CEPS Says,”
Bloomberg.com, 11 February 2013.
33 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
“UNFCCC expands efforts to increase regional distribution of
clean development mechanism projects,” press release (Bonn: 13
February 2013).
34 United Nations Environment Programme Risø Centre, CDM/JI
Pipeline Analysis and Database, “CDM Pipeline overview,” www.
cdmpipeline.org/publications/CDMPipeline.xlsx. The spreadsheet
shows 2,269 hydropower projects “At Validation” or “Registered”
and of those, 20 projects are in Africa and 1,377 in China.
35 HEA, Brussels, personal communication with REN21, March
2012.
36 Ibid.
37 “Renewable energy project monitor,” RenewableEnergyFocus.
com, 21 November 2012.
38 IHA, op. cit. note 1.
39 “Uganda set to open 250-MW Bujagali hydropower plant,”
HydroWorld.com, 26 September 2012.
40 “IFC and Korean company to develop hydropower in Laos,” Lao
Voices, 20 July 2012, at http://laovoices.com.
41 “Deal worth $150m signed to build hydro plant,” Viet Nam News,
23 October 2012, at http://vietnamnews.vn.
42 Alstom, “Tianjin Alstom Hydro Co., Ltd,” www.alstom.com/china/
locations/hydro/; Power Machines, “Hydraulic turbines,” www.
power-m.ru/eng/products/.
43 “Alstom boosts hydro power investment in China,” China Daily, 2
August 2012.
44 Alstom, “Alstom inaugurates its new global hydropower technology
centre in Grenoble,” press release (Levallois-Perret Cedex,
France: 1 February 2013).
45 Alstom, “Alstom and RusHydro start construction of hydropower
equipment manufacturing plant in Ufa, Russia,” press release
(Levallois-Perret Cedex, France: 14 May 2012).
46 Voith Hydro, Annual Report 2012 (York, PA: 2012), pp. 87–88.
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