RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

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REN 21 STEERING COMMITTEE INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS Dennis McGinn American Council on Renewable Energy (ACORE) Ernesto Macías Galán Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE) David Green Clean Energy Council (CEC) Li Junfeng Chinese Renewable Energy Industries Association (CREIA) Rainer Hinrichs-Rahlwes European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) Steve Sawyer Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) Marietta Sander International Geothermal Association (IGA) Richard Taylor International Hydropower Association (IHA) Heinz Kopetz World Bioenergy Association (WBA) Stefan Gsänger World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS Bindu Lohani Asian Development Bank (ADB) Piotr Tulej European Commission Robert K. Dixon Global Environment Facility (GEF) Paolo Frankl International Energy Agency (IEA) Adnan Z. Amin International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) Veerle Vandeweerd United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Mark Radka United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Pradeep Monga United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vijay Iyer World Bank NGOs Ibrahim Togola Mali Folkecenter/ Citizens United for Renewable Energy and Sustainability (CURES) Irene Giner-Reichl Global Forum on Sustainable Energy (GFSE) Sven Teske Greenpeace International Emani Kumar ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability South Asia Tetsunari Iida Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (ISEP) Tomas Kaberger Japan Renewable Energy Foundation (JREF) Harry Lehmann World Council for Renewable Energy (WCRE) Athena Ronquillo Ballesteros World Resources Institute (WRI) Rafael Senga World Wildlife Fund (WWF) MEMBERS AT LARGE Michael Eckhart Citigroup, Inc. Mohamed El-Ashry United Nations Foundation David Hales Second Nature Kirsty Hamilton Chatham House Peter Rae REN Alliance Arthouros Zervos Public Power Corporation NATIONAL GOVERnMENTS Mariangela Rebuá de Andrade Simões Brazil Hans Jørgen Koch Denmark Manfred Konukiewitz/Karsten Sach Germany Shri Tarun Kapoor India Øivind Johansen Norway David Pérez Spain Paul Mubiru Uganda Thani Ahmed Al Zeyoudi United Arab Emirates Tom Wintle United Kingdom SCIENCE AND ACADEMIA Nebojsa Nakicenovic International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) David Renné International Solar Energy Society (ISES) Kevin Nassiep South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI) Rajendra Pachauri The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Christine Lins REN21 Disclaimer: REN21 releases issue papers and reports to emphasise the importance of renewable energy and to generate discussion of issues central to the promotion of renewable energy. While REN21 papers and reports have benefitted from the considerations and input from the REN21 community, they do not necessarily represent a consensus among network participants on any given point. Although the information given in this report is the best available to the authors at the time, REN21 and its participants cannot be held liable for its accuracy and correctness. 2
FOREWORD Access to modern energy enables people to live better lives— providing clean heat for cooking, lighting for streets and homes, cooling and refrigeration, water pumping, as well as basic processing and communications. Yet over 1 billion people still lack access to modern energy services. As a result of the UN Secretary General’s Sustainable Energy for All Initiative and the upcoming Decade of Sustainable Energy for All, achieving universal energy access has risen to the top of the international agenda. However, given that the world recently passed 400 parts per million of atmospheric CO 2 —potentially enough to trigger a warming of 2 degrees Celsius compared with pre-industrial levels—meeting growing energy needs in a climate-constrained world requires a fundamental shift in how those energy services are delivered. Renewable energy, coupled with energy efficiency measures, is central to achieving this objective. Renewables already play a major role in the energy mix in many countries around the world. In 2012, prices for renewable energy technologies, primarily wind and solar, continued to fall, making renewables increasingly mainstream and competitive with conventional energy sources. In the absence of a level playing field, however, high penetration of renewables is still dependent on a robust policy environment. Overall, the rate of policy adoption has slowed relative to the early-to-mid 2000s. Revisions to existing policies have occurred at an increasing rate, and new types of policies have begun to emerge to address changing conditions. Integrated policy approaches that conjoin energy efficiency measures with the implementation of renewable energy technologies, for example, are becoming more common. Global investment in renewable energy decreased in 2012, but investment expanded significantly in developing countries. Global investment decreased in response to economic and policy-related uncertainties in some traditional markets, as well as to falling technology costs, which had a positive effect on capacity installations. Renewable energy is spreading to new regions and countries and becoming increasingly affordable in developing and developed countries alike. At the same time, falling prices, combined with declining policy support in established markets, the international financial crisis, and ongoing tensions in international trade, have challenged some renewable energy industries. Subsidies to fossil fuels, which are far higher than those for renewables, remain in place and need to be phased out as quickly as possible. The emergence of shale gas brings a new dynamic to the energy market, and it remains to be seen how it will affect renewable energy deployment globally. Despite fiscal and policy uncertainties, renewables are bringing modern energy services to millions of people, and increasingly meeting the growing demands for energy in many countries. Widespread deployment of renewable energy technologies is changing the energy-access dynamic in a number of developing countries, and is turning rural villages into thriving centres of commerce. Globally, in just five years, solar PV soared from below 10 GW in 2007 to just over 100 GW in 2012. In the EU, renewables accounted for almost 70% of new electric generating capacity in 2012. We stand on the cusp of renewables becoming a central part of the world’s energy mix. As technical constraints are overcome, most of the alleged limitations to achieving higher shares of renewables are due to a lack of political will to enact the necessary policies and measures. It is time to address this remaining hurdle. The Renewables 2013 Global Status Report provides renewable energy proponents and decision makers with information and motivation to tackle the challenges ahead. On behalf of the REN21 Steering Committee, I would like to thank all those who have contributed to the successful production of the GSR 2013. These include lead author/research director Janet L. Sawin, together with the other section authors; the GSR project managers, Rana Adib and Jonathan Skeen; and the entire team at the REN21 Secretariat, under the leadership of Christine Lins. Special thanks go to the ever-growing network of more than 500 contributors, including authors, researchers, and reviewers, who participated in this year’s process and helped make the GSR 2013 a truly international and collaborative effort. The REN 21 Renewables 2013 Global Status Report provides useful insight into the global renewable energy market and policy arena. I trust that it will serve as an inspiration for your work towards a rapid worldwide transition to a renewable energy future. Arthouros Zervos Chairman of REN21 3
Page 1: RenewableS 2013 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
Page 5 and 6: TABLES TABLE 1 Estimated Direct and
Page 7 and 8: REN21 Flagship Products and Activit
Page 9 and 10: ■■Lead Regional and Country Res
Page 11 and 12: ■■Reviewers and other Contribut
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewable energy
Page 15 and 16: In response to rapidly changing mar
Page 17 and 18: TOP FIVE COUNTRIES ANNUAL INVESTMEN
Page 19 and 20: 01 GLOBAL MARKET AND INDUSTRY OVERV
Page 21 and 22: ■■Power Sector Total renewable
Page 23 and 24: Sidebar 1. The REN21 Renewables Glo
Page 25 and 26: ■■Heating and Cooling Sector Mo
Page 27 and 28: 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TE
Page 29 and 30: ecame a net importer of ethanol (ma
Page 31 and 32: data. About 230 co-firing plants we
Page 33 and 34: ■■Liquid Biofuels Industry The
Page 35 and 36: ■■Geothermal Industry A large n
Page 37 and 38: Sidebar 3. Sustainability Spotlight
Page 39 and 40: Ocean Energy ■■Ocean Energy Mar
Page 41 and 42: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) Figure 11.
Page 43 and 44: plant that started operating in 201
Page 45 and 46: Figure 14. Concentrating Solar Ther
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Page 49 and 50: Wind Power ■■Wind Power Markets
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Sidebar 4. Jobs in Renewable Energy
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TABLE 2. Status of Renewable Energy
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03 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
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Germany invested more than any othe
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■■Investment by Technology In 2
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■■Renewable Energy Investment i
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04 POLICY LANDSCAPE The number of p
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announced its target to develop 1 G
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In Europe, two existing RPS policie
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Sidebar 7. Linking Renewable Energy
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government targets called for an es
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establishments, including hospitals
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Table 3. Renewable Energy Support P
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Policy MAPS FIGURE 25. COUNTRIES WI
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05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Access to
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Solid biomass applications for dryi
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presents significant gaps among cou
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micro turbines were added to provid
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06 FEATURE: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION B
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■■The Economic Challenge Conven
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REFERENCE TABLES TABLE R1. GLOBAL R
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Table R3. WOOD PELLET GLOBAL TRADE,
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TABLE R5. SOLAR PV GLOBAL CAPACITY
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TABLE R7. SOLAR WATER HEATING GLOBA
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TABLE R9. GLOBAL TRENDS IN RENEWABL
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TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
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TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
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TABLE R11 ANNEX. SHARE OF ELECTRICI
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TABLE R12. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY T
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TABLE R14. CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF COU
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R17. ELECTRICITY ACCESS BY RE
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TABLE R18. POPULATION RELYING ON TR
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Council i , have shifted to trackin
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solar beam that heats a working flu
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Renewable portfolio standard (RPS)
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BIPV BNEF BOS
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- Solar, 4 March 2013; MERCOM Capit
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from MNRE, “Achievements,” op.
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68 Dong Energy, “Green Heat to th
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are preliminary and are based on P.
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made, this has not yet become evide
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Hydropower 1 International Hydropow
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47 IMPSA, “Corporate Presentation
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op. cit. note 1, p. 13. Below expec
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66 Based on production capacity of
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7 Technology dominates from Proterm
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4 Ibid., p. 2. 5 Franz Mauthner, AE
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48 Daniel Rowe, Commonwealth Scient
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of 1,905 MW; and Poland added 880 M
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Global Wind Turbine OEM Market Lead
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capacity factors range from around
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Policy Landscape 1 This section is
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Launches Massive Renewable Program
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on Dec. 1,” biofuelsdigest.com, 2
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RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 1 Internatio
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Feature: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 1 Se
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Power: 2012 European Statistics (Br
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RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

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