RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

ENDNOTES 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE
Eyes Opportunity,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 28 September
2012; United Kingdom from The Daily Energy Report, “U.K. Green
Investment Bank to Allocate $4.8 to Green Energy by 2015,”
dailyenergyreport.com, 20 January 2013.
71 “China Dims ‘Golden Sun’ Solar Subsidy,”
RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 3 May 2012; F. Haugwitz, “China’s
Solar Dragon Year 2012,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 13
February 2013.
72 Czech Republic from Ernst and Young, op. cit. note 54; Estonia
from O. Ummelas, “Estonia to Retract Pledge on Wind Energy
Subsidy Cap, Part Says.” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 10
January 2013; Spain from BNEF, “Energy: Week in Review, Vol.
VI – Issue 142” (London: 17 July 2012); United Kingdom from O.
Vukmonovic, “Britain sets five-year plan to spur solar, biomass
energy,” Reuters, 19 December 2012.
73 Australia and United States from Catherine S. Dicks, “PV
Intelligence Brief, 20 November–4 December 2012,” PV Insider, 4
December 2012; Japan from Think Geoenergy, “Japan to fund $19
million geothermal R&D program starting 2013,” 10 October 2012,
at http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/13483; Qatar from Qatar
National Research Fund, “QNFR funded research advancing
Qatar’s vision for post-carbon sustainable future,” 12 May 2012,
at www.qnrf.org/newsroom/in_the_media/detail.php?ID=3245;
United Kingdom from K. Ross, “UK Launches GBP 20 Million Wave
Energy Contest,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 5 April 2012.
74 Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building, “DK Energy
Agreement,” 22 March 2012, at www.kemin.dk/en-US/Climate_
energy_and_building_policy/Denmark/energy_agreements/
Documents/FAKTA%20UK%201.pdf.
75 B. Epp, “Kenya: Regulation Increases Solar Water Heater Uptake,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 17 April 2012.
76 New Hampshire from DSIRE USA Database, “New Hampshire:
Renewables Portfolio Standard,” 11 January 2013, at www.
dsireusa.org; Maryland from DSIRE USA Database, “Maryland:
Renewable Portfolio Standard,” 23 May 2012, at www.dsireusa.
org; Ohio from DSIRE USA Database, “Alternative Energy Portfolio
Standard,” 8 November 2012, at www.dsireusa.org.
77 Wilson Rickerson, Meister Consulting, personal communication
with REN21, 1 March 2013.
78 Sidebar 7 is based on the following sources: In its 450 Scenario,
relative to the New Policies Scenario, the IEA’s World Energy
Outlook (2012) projects that carbon dioxide emissions avoided
through energy efficiency could amount to 2.2 gigatonnes (Gt)
by 2020 and 6.3 Gt by 2035 (71% and 42% of total emissions
avoided by 2020 and 2035, respectively), with renewables
avoiding 0.5 Gt in 2020 and 4.1 Gt in 2035 (17% and 27% of total
emissions avoided by 2020 and 2035, respectively); see IEA, op.
cit. note 2, Figure 8.6, p. 253; synergies described in “Feature:
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency,” in REN21, op. cit. note
24, p. 93; energy intensity improvements and slow-down rates
from IEA, op. cit. this note, p. 271; potential savings from United
Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Global
Energy Efficiency Benchmarking: An Energy Policy Tool (Vienna:
2011); new and existing buildings from D. Urge-Vorsatz et al.,
“Chapter 10: Towards Sustainable Energy End Use: Buildings,”
in Global Energy Assessment (Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge
University Press, 2012); German “Energiewende” from Arne
Jungjohann, “Arguments for a renewable energy future,” 28
November 2012, at www.boell.org/web/index-The-German-Energy-Transition.html.
Note that Germany’s Renewable Energy
Act of 2012 aims to increase the renewable share of electricity
to 35% by 2020, and to 80% by 2050, per German Renewable
Energy Sources Act, applicable as of 1 January 2012, www.
bmu.de/fileadmin/bmu-import/files/english/pdf/application/pdf/
eeg_2012_en_bf.pdf; German national efficiency targets call
for a 20% reduction in primary energy consumption by 2020,
and 50% by 2050 (base year 2008), based on specific sectoral
targets and policy measures, per Barbara Schlomann et al.,
“Energy Efficiency Policies and Measures in Germany,” ODYSSEE-
MURE 2010, (Karlsruhe: Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and
Innovation Research, November 2012), at www.odyssee-indicators.org/publications/PDF/germany_nr.pdf;
Italy’s National
Energy Strategy at www.sviluppoeconomico.gov.it/images/
stories/documenti/20121115-SEN-EN.pdf; United States from
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Incorporating Energy
Efficiency/Renewable Energy in State and Tribal Implementation
Plans,” www.epa.gov/airquality/eere/; consumer behaviour from
Karen Ehrhardt-Martinez with John A. Laitner, and Kenneth M.
Keating, Pursuing Energy-Efficiency Behavior in a Regulatory
Environment: Motivating Policy Makers, Program Administrators,
and Program Implementers (Berkeley, CA: California Institute
for Energy and Environment, August 2009); case studies in this
section from International Partnership for Energy Efficiency
Cooperation (IPEEC) database, “Making Energy Efficiency Real
(MEER)”, www.ipeec.org, forthcoming July 2013; UN Food and
Agriculture Organization, “Energy Smart Food for People and
Climate,” www.fao.org/energy/81350/en/; Sustainable Energy for
All, “Sustainable Energy for All Commitments—Highlights for Rio
+20,” www.sustainableenergyforall.org/actions-commitments/
high-impact-opportunities/item/109-rio-plus-20, viewed January
2013.
79 Austria from Ministry of Life, “Belrlakovic/Mitterlehner: New
funding initiative for thermal rehabilitation starts 1 February,”
27 January 2012, at www.lebensministerium.at/lmat/presse/
umwelt/therm_sanierg_012012.html; Czech Republic from
Solar District Heating, “The new act of law on supported energy
sources adopted in the Czech Republic,” 20 January 2012, at
www.solar-district-heating.eu/NewsEvents/News/tabid/68/
ArticleId/182/The-new-act-of-law-on-supported-energy-sourcesadopted-in-the-Czech-Republic.aspx.
80 Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Building, op. cit. note 74.
81 Germany from BMU, “Bundesumweltministerium verbessert die
Förderung für Wärme aus erneuerbaren Energien,” press release
(Berlin: 8 August 2012). The Italian grant scheme currently
provides payments of USD 230 (170 EUR)/m 2 per year for two
years for small-scale systems, and USD 74.4 (55 EUR)/m 2 per year
for five years for large-scale systems; when combined with solar
cooling, these payments rise to USD 344.7 (255 EUR)/m 2 /year for
two years and USD 112.2 (83 EUR)/m 2 for five years, respectively,
per B. Epp, “Italy: Government Approves New Subsidy Scheme,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 27 December 2012; Luxembourg from
Le gouivernement du Grand-Duché du Luxembourg, “Prime
House,” 18 December 2012, at www.environnement.public.lu/
actualites/2012/12/Primes/2012_12_18_prime_House_communiqu___de_presse.pdf.
82 Portugal from B. Epp, “Portugal: Small Residential Grant Scheme,
but ‘Big’ Requirements,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 18 December
2012. The United Kingdom’s Renewable Heat Premium Payment
grant programme was opened to new projects in two separate
rounds in 2012 and early 2103. Phase 2 of the programme was
opened to new projects in 2012, and Phase 3 was opened in early
2013, per U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change, “Next
Steps on Renewable Heat,” 20 September 2012, at
www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/pn12_106/
pn12_106.aspx; Energy Saving Trust, “Renewable Heat
Premium Payment Phase 2,” www.energysavingtrust.
org.uk/Generating-energy/Getting-money-back/
Renewable-Heat-Premium-Payment-Phase-2.
83 Uruguay from Uruguay Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining-
National Energy, “Solar Energy and Energy Policy,” 2012, at
www.energiasolar.gub.uy/cms/index.php/normativaest. Support
for the implementation of CSP in India was done in partnership
with United Nations Development Programme and the Global
Environment Facility, per MNRE, “UNEP-GEF project on
Concentrated Solar Heat,” revised 4 March 2013, at www.mnre.
gov.in/file-manager/advertisement/eoi-undp-gef-03122012.
pdf, and B. Epp, “India: Uttarakhand State Increases Solar Water
Heater Rebate,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 1 March 2012.
84 Natural Resources Canada,“ARCHIVED: ecoENERGY Retrofit-
Homes program,” at http://oee.nrcan.gc.ca/residential/6551;
Environment Canada, “News Release: Minister Kent to Propose
a Regulatory Amendment to the Renewable Fuels Regulations,”
press release (Ottawa: 31 December 2012).
85 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority, “Phil Heatley:
Thousands more NZ homes to be insulated,” 24 May 2012, at
www.eeca.govt.nz.
86 South Africa from Sugar Online, “South Africa’s New E10 Mix Rate
Could Be Turning Point for Commoditization,” 5 October 2012, at
www.sugaronline.com/home/website_contents/view/1201830;
Turkey from Biofuels International, “Feature: Talking biofuels
Turkey,” vol. 6, no. 7 (2012), at www.biofuels-news.com/content_
item_details.php?item_id=585; Zimbabwe’s E5 mandate is set to
be subsequently raised to E10 and later to E15, although no dates
for these increases have been set. M. Sapp, “Green Fuel re-starts
ethanol production as cabinet approves E5,” biofuelsdigest.com,
7 January 2013.
87 Saskatchewan Ministry of the Economy, “Saskatchewan’s
Renewable Diesel Mandate Kicks In,” 28 June 2012.
88 India from M. Sapp, “India ethanol sales slow despite E5 launch
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