RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

48 Daniel Rowe, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organisation (CSIRO), Australia, personal communication with
REN21, 29 April 2013.
49 Data from IEA, Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, cited
in Stephanie Banse, “Solar Process Heat: Higher Yield than in
Domestic Applications,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 17 August 2012.
50 Tannery Heshan Bestway Leather, a German joint venture, uses
solar thermal technology to produce heat for industrial processes
and hot water for worker dormitories, per Jiuwei Wang, Deputy
General Manager, Himin, cited in Epp, op. cit. note 13; Bärbel Epp,
“USA: Contractor Runs 7,804 m 2 Collector System at Prestage
Foods Factory,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 19 April 2012; as of early
2012, Heineken planned to installed systems in Austria, Spain,
and Portugal to provide heat at two breweries and a malting plant,
expected to cover 18–24% of process heat demand, from Eva
Augsten, “Europe: Heineken Brewery to Install Three Big Solar
Plants,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 18 April 2012.
51 An estimated 11,316 m 2 of large-scale projects were approved in
Austria during 2012, with process heat representing the largest
share of capacity (40%), followed by district heating (33%), and
heating of commercial buildings (19%); also four solar cooling
projects totaling 863 m 2 , from Austrian Climate and Energy Fund,
cited in Bärbel Epp, “Austria: More and Less Successful Subsidy
Schemes,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 18 January 2013; most Thai
government commercial solar thermal subsidies are going to
process heat applications in the industrial sector, followed by
hotels, farms, and hospitals. The subsidy covers commercial solar
thermal installations that are combined with waste heat from air
conditioners or boilers, per Thailand Department of Alternative
Energy Development and Efficiency, cited in Stephanie Banse,
“Thailand: Government Continues Subsidy Programme in 2013,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 15 February 2013.
52 Weiss and Mauthner, op. cit. note 1, p 3.
53 Stephanie Banse and Joachim Berner, “Lowering Costs,
Maintaining Efficiency,” Sun & Wind Energy, December 2012, pp.
62–65; Chris Laughton, “Great Britain: Insolvency of Collector
Manufacturer After the PV Crash,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 21
June 2012.
54 Bärbel Epp, “Solar Industry in Upheaval,” Sun & Wind Energy,
December 2012, pp. 28–39.
55 Ibid.
56 In Cyprus, for example, greatly in response to the decline in
the new home market, the industry is shifting from a focus on
systems for new construction to replacement of older systems, per
Bärbel Epp, “Cyprus: System Replacements Increase Efficiency,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 5 December 2012; in the U.K., companies
are turning to repairs of existing systems, per Chris Laughton,
“Great Britain: Insolvency of Collector Manufacturer after the PV
Crash,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 21 June 2012; close production
capacity from Epp, op. cit. note 54, pp. 28–39, and from
Bank Sarasin, op. cit. note 20; Bärbel Epp, “Germany: Schüco
Closes Bielefeld Collector Factory,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 17
December 2012; meet demand outside of Europe from Epp, op.
cit. note 54; Joachim Berner, “Spanish Collector Manufacturers
Expand Exports or Abandon Production,” SolarThermalWorld.
org, 5 July 2011; Eva Augsten, “Spain: Export Helps Solar Thermal
Industry Survive,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 12 January 2012;
Bärbel Epp, “ISH 2011: Solar Trends in the Heating Industry,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 31 March 2011. Production by many EU
manufacturers declined in 2011 relative to 2010; for example,
GreenOneTec production fell from 800,000 m 2 to 700,000
m 2 , and Ritter Solar fell from 136,000 m 2 to 100,000 m 2 , per
EurObserv’ER, Solar Thermal and Concentrated Solar Power
Barometer (Paris: May 2012), p. 66.
57 Epp, op. cit. note 54; Berner, op. cit. note 56; Augsten, op. cit.
note 56; Schüco International KG (Germany) made the decision
to close its Bielefeld factory in December 2013, with plans to shut
it down at the end of March, per Bärbel Epp, “Germany: Schüco
Closes Bielefeld Collector Factory,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 17
December 2012.
58 Rapid consolidation from Bärbel Epp, “Solar Thermal Competition
Heats Up in China,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 10 September
2012; top 100 from Epp, “Solar Thermal Shake-Out...,” op. cit.
note 11, pp. 47–49; 1,000 companies from Yunbin Li, Linuo
Paradigma, cited in Epp, “Solar Thermal Competition...,” op. cit.
this note.
59 Stephanie Banse and Joachim Berner, “Lowering Costs,
Maintaining Efficiency,” Sun & Wind Energy, December 2012, pp.
62–65.
60 Largest companies from Epp, “Solar Thermal Competition…,” op.
cit. note 58; vertical integration from Bärbel Epp, “China: Trends
in the Largest Solar Thermal Market Worldwide,” presentation for
Intersolar Europe 2012, Munich, June 2012.
61 Epp, “Solar Thermal Shake-Out…,” op. cit. note 11, pp.
47–49; Bärbel Epp, “China: Sunrain Group Goes Public,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 29 May 2012.
62 Installed domestically and China’s export business increased
12-fold between 2005 and 2011, per CSTIF/Chinese Renewable
Energy Industries Association, cited in Bärbel Epp, “China:
Industry Increased Export Business 12-fold,” SolarThermalWorld.
org, 2 February 2012; an increasing number of companies
manufacturing both (with most of these companies in China and
India), from Bärbel Epp, “India and China Are Setting the Pace,”
Sun & Wind Energy, December 2011, pp. 48–64.
63 Based on 2010 surface area production levels, from Epp, “India
and China...,” op. cit. note 62, pp. 48–64.
64 Ibid., pp. 48-64.
65 Epp, op. cit. note 54, pp. 28–39.
66 Michael Mulcahy, Green Cape, personal communication with
REN21, April 2013.
67 Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation, Central Bank of
Lebanon, and Ministry of Energy and Water, cited in Pierre El
Khoury, “Solar Water Heaters in Lebanon: An Emerging $100
Million Market,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com, 11 January 2013.
68 Bärbel Epp, Solrico, personal communication with REN21, 3
April 2012; Bärbel Epp, Solrico, “Cost Reduction – an Important
Objective,” in Bank Sarasin, op. cit. note 20; Bärbel Epp, “Can
Europe Compete in the Global Solar Thermal Market?” Renewable
EnergyWorld.com, 21 March 2011.
69 EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 20, p. 67, 69.
70 Banse and Berner, op. cit. note 59, pp. 62–65.
71 Stephanie Banse, “Poised for Growth,” Sun & Wind Energy,
December 2012, pp. 30–35.
72 Stephanie Banse, “Hard-earned Upward Trend,” Sun & Wind
Energy, December 2012, pp. 40–41.
73 Rising interest from Eva Augsten, “Europe/Asia: Solar Cooling
Gains Traction,” SolarThermalWorld.org, 3 September 2012;
new to sector from Uli Jakob, “Overview Market Development
and Potential for Solar Cooling with Focus on the Mediterranean
Area,” in Proceedings of Fifth European Solar Energy Conference,
Marseille, November 2011; Hitachi began offering solar cooling
kits in 2011 and Mitsubishi sells new compact adsorption chillers,
per Eva Augsten, “Europe/Asia: Solar Cooling Gains Traction,”
SolarThermalWorld.org, 3 September 2012. Sorption chillers
above 35 kW capacity are manufactured primarily in Asia; new
small and medium-scale systems were developed only within the
past decade, and standardised solar cooling kits are produced by
several companies in Europe as well as Asia. These include EAW
(Germany), Climatewell (Sweden), AGP, Pink (Austria), Tranter
Solarice (Germany), Yazaki (Japan), Thermax (India), and Jiansu
Huineng (China), from Jakob, op. cit. this note.
74 Trouble competing and costs declined from Jakob, op. cit. note
46; potential for further cost reductions from Daniel Mugnier,
TECSOL, “Quality assurance & support measures for solar cooling
with IEA SHC task 48: overview and first results,” in Proceedings
of the Australian Solar Cooling Conference 2013, North Ryde,
Sydney, Australia, 11–12 April 2013.
75 Mugnier, op. cit. note 74; standard in Australia from M.
Goldsworthy, CSIRO, “AS5389 Solar Air-conditioning Australian
Standard – Overview of development,” in Proceedings of the
Australian Solar Cooling Conference 2013, North Ryde, Sydney,
Australia, 11–12 April 2013.
02
Renewables 2013 Global Status Report 157