RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

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03 INVESTMENT FLOWS Sidebar 5. Investment Types and Terminology Investments in renewable energy are made by a range of public and private entities and throughout the financing continuum, from the birth of an idea or technology, to the construction of renewable energy plants, to sale of the companies that manufacture renewable energy equipment. Types and levels of investment differ depending on the stage in the process: 1. Technology Research: Focused on the development of new knowledge and potential products or ideas. Funding comes from private and (primarily) public R&D funds looking towards a long-term investment horizon with relatively uncertain returns. The share of global new investment in research in renewables technology in 2012 was about 4%. 2. Technology Development/Commercialisation: Promising ideas or knowledge that emerge from R&D activities are developed into commercially viable products, processes, or services. Large corporations fund these development activities in-house, whereas smaller entities usually must raise external financing, typically from high-risk investors seeking higher returns such as venture capitalists (VC) and, to a limited extent, private equity investors. The share of global new investment in technology development and commercialisation in 2012 was almost 1%. 3. Manufacturing: Commercialised technology is produced at scale through the mobilisation of assets and the establishment of manufacturing facilities. Funding for this stage is derived from private equity expansion capital and from public equity markets (stock markets). The share of global new investment in manufacturing in 2012 was over 2%. 4. Project (Roll-out): The most capital-intensive phase, during which technology is installed and commercially operated (requiring expenditure on land, permits, and licences, as well as engineering, procurement, and construction). Projects are either small-scale distributed capacity (
■■Investment by Technology In 2012, solar power was the leading sector by far in terms of money committed; at USD 140.4 billion, solar accounted for more than 57% of total new investment in renewable energy. Wind power was second with USD 80.3 billion, representing almost 33%. The remaining 10% of total new investment was made up of bio-power and waste-to-energy i (USD 8.6 billion), small-scale hydropower (
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RenewableS 2013 GLOBAL STATUS REPOR
Page 3 and 4:
FOREWORD Access to modern energy en
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TABLES TABLE 1 Estimated Direct and
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REN21 Flagship Products and Activit
Page 9 and 10: ■■Lead Regional and Country Res
Page 11 and 12: ■■Reviewers and other Contribut
Page 13 and 14: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Renewable energy
Page 15 and 16: In response to rapidly changing mar
Page 17 and 18: TOP FIVE COUNTRIES ANNUAL INVESTMEN
Page 19 and 20: 01 GLOBAL MARKET AND INDUSTRY OVERV
Page 21 and 22: ■■Power Sector Total renewable
Page 23 and 24: Sidebar 1. The REN21 Renewables Glo
Page 25 and 26: ■■Heating and Cooling Sector Mo
Page 27 and 28: 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TE
Page 29 and 30: ecame a net importer of ethanol (ma
Page 31 and 32: data. About 230 co-firing plants we
Page 33 and 34: ■■Liquid Biofuels Industry The
Page 35 and 36: ■■Geothermal Industry A large n
Page 37 and 38: Sidebar 3. Sustainability Spotlight
Page 39 and 40: Ocean Energy ■■Ocean Energy Mar
Page 41 and 42: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS (PV) Figure 11.
Page 43 and 44: plant that started operating in 201
Page 45 and 46: Figure 14. Concentrating Solar Ther
Page 47 and 48: SOLAR THERMAL HEATING Figure 15. So
Page 49 and 50: Wind Power ■■Wind Power Markets
Page 51 and 52: Pacific to add capacity (0.4 GW), b
Page 53 and 54: Sidebar 4. Jobs in Renewable Energy
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 2. Status of Renewable Energy
Page 57 and 58: 03 INVESTMENT FLOWS Global new inve
Page 59: Germany invested more than any othe
Page 63 and 64: ■■Renewable Energy Investment i
Page 65 and 66: 04 POLICY LANDSCAPE The number of p
Page 67 and 68: announced its target to develop 1 G
Page 69 and 70: In Europe, two existing RPS policie
Page 71 and 72: Sidebar 7. Linking Renewable Energy
Page 73 and 74: government targets called for an es
Page 75 and 76: establishments, including hospitals
Page 77 and 78: Table 3. Renewable Energy Support P
Page 79 and 80: Policy MAPS FIGURE 25. COUNTRIES WI
Page 81 and 82: 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY Access to
Page 83 and 84: Solid biomass applications for dryi
Page 85 and 86: presents significant gaps among cou
Page 87 and 88: micro turbines were added to provid
Page 89 and 90: 06 FEATURE: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION B
Page 91 and 92: ■■The Economic Challenge Conven
Page 93 and 94: REFERENCE TABLES TABLE R1. GLOBAL R
Page 95 and 96: Table R3. WOOD PELLET GLOBAL TRADE,
Page 97 and 98: TABLE R5. SOLAR PV GLOBAL CAPACITY
Page 99 and 100: TABLE R7. SOLAR WATER HEATING GLOBA
Page 101 and 102: TABLE R9. GLOBAL TRENDS IN RENEWABL
Page 103 and 104: TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
Page 105 and 106: TABLE R10. SHARE OF PRIMARY AND FIN
Page 107 and 108: TABLE R11 ANNEX. SHARE OF ELECTRICI
Page 109 and 110: TABLE R12. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY T
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TABLE R12. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY T
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TABLE R14. CUMULATIVE NUMBER OF COU
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R16. CITY AND LOCAL RENEWABLE
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TABLE R17. ELECTRICITY ACCESS BY RE
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TABLE R18. POPULATION RELYING ON TR
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Council i , have shifted to trackin
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solar beam that heats a working flu
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Renewable portfolio standard (RPS)
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BIPV BNEF BOS
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- Solar, 4 March 2013; MERCOM Capit
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from MNRE, “Achievements,” op.
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68 Dong Energy, “Green Heat to th
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are preliminary and are based on P.
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made, this has not yet become evide
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Hydropower 1 International Hydropow
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47 IMPSA, “Corporate Presentation
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op. cit. note 1, p. 13. Below expec
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66 Based on production capacity of
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7 Technology dominates from Proterm
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4 Ibid., p. 2. 5 Franz Mauthner, AE
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48 Daniel Rowe, Commonwealth Scient
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of 1,905 MW; and Poland added 880 M
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Global Wind Turbine OEM Market Lead
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capacity factors range from around
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Policy Landscape 1 This section is
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Launches Massive Renewable Program
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on Dec. 1,” biofuelsdigest.com, 2
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RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 1 Internatio
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Feature: SYSTEM TRANSFORMATION 1 Se
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Power: 2012 European Statistics (Br
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