RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS BY TECHNOLOGY – Solar Photovoltaics (PV)
this section; leaders for total capacity from Masson, op. cit. note
1, and from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. Note that China ranks third,
ahead of the United States, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 13. Spain
fell from fourth to sixth according to all sources in this note.
6 This was up from eight in 2011; European countries were
Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, the Czech Republic, the
U.K., and Greece; Asian countries were China, India, and Japan,
from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, and from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1.
7 Germany had 398 Watts per inhabitant, Italy 273 W, Belgium 241
W, the Czech Republic 196 W, Greece 144 W, and Australia 105
W, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1, pp. 15, 18. Some U.S. states also have
relatively high capacity per inhabitant, including Arizona (167 W),
Nevada (146 W), Hawaii (137 W), and New Jersey (110), per Solar
Energy Industries Association (SEIA), “Solar Energy Facts: 2012
Year-In-Review,” 14 March 2013, at www.seia.org.
8 Capacity added from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, from Masson, op.
cit. note 1, and from EPIA, “World’s Solar Photovoltaic Capacity
Passes 100-Gigawatt Landmark After Strong Year,” press release
(Brussels: 11 February 2013); year-end total from Masson, op. cit.
note 1. EU-27 capacity at year’s end was 69.1 GW, per idem.
9 Capacity additions for 2011 from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and
from EPIA, op. cit. note 1; 2011 share of market from Reinhold
Buttgereit, “Editorial: Market Evolution,” February 2013, at www.
epia.org, and from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 14; first decline since
2000 from EPIA, op. cit. note 1; causes of decline from Masson,
op. cit. note 1. The EU accounted for 60% of global demand
in 2012, down from 68% in 2011, per “Solarbuzz: PV demand
reaches 29 GW in 2012,” op. cit. note 2.
10 European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), Wind in Power: 2012
European Statistics (Brussels: February 2013). This is down from
47% in 2011, from EWEA, Wind in Power: 2011 European Statistics
(Brussels: February 2012), and from EPIA, personal communication
with REN21, 3 April 2012.
11 Structure and management from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 6;
barriers from Masson, op. cit. note 1, and from Tim Murphy,
“Addressing PV Grid-Access Barriers Across Europe,” NPD
Solarbuzz, 7 February 2013, at www.renewableenergyworld.com.
12 Almost half and more than wind based on the following sources:
estimated solar PV capacity in operation at year’s end in Germany
and Italy and on an estimated wind capacity of 8,144 MW in
Italy, from Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Report,
Annual Market Update 2012 (Brussels: April 2013); 31,315 MW
in Germany from Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature
Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), “Renewable Energy
Sources 2012,” with data from Working Group on Renewable
Energy-Statistics (AGEE-Stat), provisional data, 28 February 2013,
at www.erneuerbare-energien.de; and 100 GW of global solar PV
capacity. Figure 12 based on the following sources: global total
from sources in Endnote 1; national data from elsewhere in this
section, except for Spain and the Czech Republic: Spain added
223 MW for a total of 5,100 MW, per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1,
added 276 MW for a total of 5,166 MW, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1,
and added 237 MW for a total of 4,298 MW, per Red Eléctrica de
España, “Potencia Instalada Peninsular (MW),” updated 29 April
2013; Czech Republic added 113 MW in 2012 for a total of 2,085
MW, per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and added 113 MW in 2012 for
a total of 2,072 MW, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1.
13 Based on the following: Germany added 7,604 MW for 32,411 MW
at year’s end, from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 20, and from IEA-PVPS,
op. cit. note 1; Germany added 7,604 MW for a total of 32,643
MW from BMU, op. cit. note 12; and year-end 2012 capacity of
PV systems installed under the EEG was 32,388.6 MW (based on
end-March data and monthly installations in 2013), per German
Federal Network Agency (Bundesnetzagentur), “Monatliche
Veröffentlichung der PV-Meldezahlen,” at “Photovoltaikanlagen:
Datenmeldungen sowie EEG-Vergütungssätze,” at
www.bundesnetzagentur.de, viewed 18 May 2013.
14 BMU, op. cit. note 12.
15 Based on 12,773.4 MW in operation at the end of 2011 and
16,419.8 MW at the end of 2012, from Gestore Servizi Energetici
(GSE), Rapporto Statistico 2012 – Solare Fotovoltaico, 8 May 2013,
p. 8, at www.gse.it. Note that 3,337 MW was added for a total of
16,250 MW per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; 3,577 MW added for
a total of 16,350 MW from GSE, "Impianti a fonti rinnovabili in
Italia: Prima stima 2012," 28 February 2013, at www.gse.it; and
3,438 MW added for a total of 16,361 MW per EPIA, op. cit. note
1, p. 28. Annual additions in 2011 were 9.3 GW, but 3.7 GW of this
amount was installed in a rush in late 2010 and connected to the
grid in 2011. GSE, “Impianti a fonti rinnovabili in Italia: Prima stima
2011,” 6 March 2012, at www.gse.it.
16 France installed an estimated 1,079 MW in 2012 (down from
2,923 MW in 2011) for a year-end total of 4,003 MW, from
Commissariat Général au Développement Durable, Ministère de
l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de l’Énergie, “Chiffres
et statistiques,” No. 396, February 2013; and from IEA-PVPS,
op. cit. note 1; United Kingdom added 1,000 MW for a total of
1,830 MW per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and added 925 MW for a
total of 1,829 MW, per EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 20; Greece (added
912 MW; total of 1,536 MW), Bulgaria (added 767 MW; total of
908 MW), and Belgium (added 599 MW; total of 2,650 MW),
per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and all data were the same except
Belgium’s year-end total of 2,567 MW from EPIA, op. cit. note
1, p. 28; Greece also from Hellenic Association of Photovoltaic
Companies, “Greek PV Market Statistics 2012,” January 2013,
at www.helapco.gr. Another source shows Greece adding 1,126
MW grid-connected in 2012, from Hellenic Transmission (grid
operator), cited in Mercom Capital Group, “Greece Reaches Over
1 GW of Installed Capacity in December 2012,” Market Intelligence
Report – Solar, 4 February 2013.
17 Based on data from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, and from IEA-PVPS, op.
cit. note 1.
18 Figure of 12.5 GW added based on global additions of 29.4 GW
less the 16.9 GW added in Europe, on data from sources provided
in Endnote 1, and on sources for national data throughout this
section.
19 China added 3,510 MW per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; 5 GW per
EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 5; and 1.19 GW per China State Electricity
Regulatory Commission, cited in Peng Peng, “China Market
Focus: Solar PV and Wind Market Trends in 2012,” in U.S.-China
Market Review, 2012 Year End Edition (American Council on
Renewable Energy (ACORE) and Chinese Renewable Energy
Industries Association (CREIA): 2013), p. 24. Total PV capacity
installed in China in 2012, including systems not connected to the
grid, was 4–4.5 GW, per CREIA cited in Peng, op. cit. this note.
The United States added 3,313 MW, per GTM Research and SEIA,
U.S. Solar Market Insight Report, 2012 Year in Review (Washington,
DC: 2013), p. 6. Japan added 1,718 MW per IEA-PVPS, provided
by Masson, op. cit. note 1; 2 GW from EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 31.
Australia added 1 GW, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1, and from
EPIA, op. cit. note 1, p. 31. India added 980 MW, from IEA-PVPS,
op. cit. note 1; and 1,090 MW per Bridge to India, India Solar
Compass, January 2013 Edition.
20 Asia additions based on capacity added in China (3,510 MW),
Japan (1,718 MW), South Korea (252 MW), Malaysia (22 MW),
India (980 MW), and Thailand (210 MW), from IEA-PVPS, op. cit.
note 1, and from Masson, op. cit. note 1; in Taiwan (104 MW) and
other Asia-Pacific (201 MW), from EPIA, op. cit. note 1; and from
EPIA database, May 2013; North America and Asia rising from
Masson, op. cit. note 1.
21 Total U.S. capacity came to 7,219 MW at the end of 2012, from
GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19, p. 21; capacity was
7,221 MW, per IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; and 7,777 MW, per EPIA,
op. cit. note 1, p. 13.
22 California from GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19, p. 21.
23 Spreading from Larry Sherwood, “Five Key Takeaways from the
U.S. Solar Market Trends Report,” RenewableEnergyWorld.com,
17 August 2012; drivers from SEIA and GTM Research, “Solar
Market Insight 2012: Q3 Executive Summary,” December 2012,
and from Jeremy Bowden, “PV Policy and Markets – Impact of US
Tariffs on LCOE,” Renewable Energy World, November–December
2012, p. 7.
24 Diane Cardwell, “Solar Panel Payments Set Off a Fairness
Debate,” New York Times, 4 June 2012; Felicity Carus, “Net
Energy Metering Battle Fires Up Solar Industry,” PV-tech.com, 5
February 2013; Travis Bradford, Prometheus Institute, New York,
personal communication with REN21, 27 March 2013.
25 Utilities accounted for 54% of capacity additions from GTM
Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19, p. 10. Utility installations
surpassed the commercial sector (31.5% of the total market) for
the first time, and the residential share (15%) held steady relative
to 2011, per idem; utility projects totaled 2,710 MW by year’s end,
based on “Utility-Scale Project Pipeline (As of January 15, 2013),”
PV News, February 2013, p. 14, capacity under construction from
GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19, p. 18.
26 GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19, p. 19.
27 Figure of 7 GW and below expectations from Masson, op. cit. note
1; 7 GW also from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; 8,300 MW from EPIA,
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