RenewableS 2013 GlObal STaTUS RePORT - REN21

from MNRE, “Achievements,” op. cit. this note. Figure 4 based on
sources in this note and on the following sources for EU-27 and
BRICS: EU-27 based on 120.5 GW hydropower in 2011 (although
this includes some mixed pumped storage plants for Austria and
Spain), from IJHD, op. cit. note 19, and adjusted to 119 GW to
account for 1.5 GW of pure pumped storage capacity in Spain;
106,041 MW of wind from European Wind Energy Association
(EWEA), Wind in Power: 2012 European Statistics (Brussels:
February 2013); 61.9 GW of solar PV from Gaetan Masson, EPIA
and IEA-PVPS, personal communication with REN21, April 2013;
31.4 GW of bio-power, from REN21, op. cit. note 14; from BMU, op.
cit. note 24; from GSE, “Impianti a fonti rinnovabili in Italia...,” op.
cit. this note; from U.K. Government, Department of Energy and
Climate Change (DECC), “Energy trends section 6: renewables,”
and “Renewable electricity capacity and generation (ET6.1),” 9
May 2013, at https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/renewables-section-6-energy-trends;
Électricité Réseau Distribution
France (ERDF), “Installations de production raccordées au réseau
géré par ERDF à fin décembre 2012,” www.erdfdistribution.fr/
medias/Donnees_prod/parc_prod_decembre_2012.pdf; from
REE, The Spanish Electricity System: Preliminary Report 2012
(Madrid: 2012); from Directorate General for Energy and Geology
(DGEG), Portugal, 2013, www.precoscombustiveis.dgeg.pt. (Note
that IEA Energy Statistics online data services, 2013, were used to
check against OECD country data from other references used for
bio-power capacity, and 2011 capacity data for Austria, Belgium,
Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, and Sweden were assumed
to have increased by 2%); 934 MW of geothermal from GEA, op.
cit. note 1; 1,950 MW of CSP from Spain’s CNE, op. cit. this note,
and from REE, Boletín Mensual, op. cit. this note; and 241 MW of
ocean energy from IEA-OES, Annual Report 2011 (Lisbon: OES
Secretary, 2011), Table 6.1, p. 122. In addition to references for
Brazil, China, and India, BRICS from the following: Russia based
on 46 GW of hydropower from System Operator of the Unified
Energy System of Russia, “Operational Data for December 2012,”
www.so-ups.ru/fileadmin/files/company/reports/ups-review/2013/
ups_review_jan13.pdf; 15 MW wind from EWEA, op. cit. this
note; 1.5 GW bio-power from preliminary estimates from IEA,
Medium-Term..., op. cit. note 1; 147 MW geothermal power from
GEA, op. cit. note 1; and a small amount of ocean energy capacity.
South Africa based on 670 MW of hydropower (not including
pumped storage), from Hydro4Africa, “African Hydropower
Database—South Africa,” http://hydro4africa.net/HP_database/
country.php?country=South%20Africa, viewed 21 May 2013; 10
MW of wind from GWEC, op. cit. note 5, p. 54; 30 MW solar PV
from EScience Associates, Urban-Econ Development Economists,
and Chris Ahlfeldt, The Localisation Potential of Photovoltaics (PV)
and a Strategy to Support Large Scale Roll-Out in South Africa,
Integrated Report, Draft Final v1.2, prepared for the South African
Department of Trade and Industry, March 2013, p. x, at www.
sapvia.co.za; 25 MW bio-power based on IEA, Medium-Term..., op.
cit. note 1.
26 See previous endnotes for Brazil and Canada details and sources.
France based on 7,564 MW of wind from GWEC, op. cit. note 5;
4,003 MW solar PV from Commissariat Général au Développement
Durable, Ministère de l’Écologie, du Développement durable et de
l’Énergie, “Chiffres et statistiques,” No. 396, February 2013, at
www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr; 1,305 MW biopower
based on REN21, op. cit. note 14, on IEA Energy Statistics
online data services, 2013, on EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 25, and
on additions of 0.3 GW in 2012 from ERDF, op. cit. note 25, and
1.574 GW from preliminary estimates from IEA, Medium-Term...,
op. cit. note 1; 240 MW of ocean energy from IEA-OES, op. cit.
note 25, Table 6.1, p. 122. Japan based on 2,614 MW of wind
from GWEC, op. cit. note 5; 6,632 MW of solar PV from IEA-PVPS,
provided by Gaetan Masson, EPIA and IEA-PVPS, personal communication
with REN21, 15 May 2013; 3.3 GW of bio-power from
Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (ISEP), Renewables 2013
Japan Status Report (Tokyo: 2013); 535 MW of geothermal from
GEA, op. cit. note 1. United Kingdom based on 8,445 MW wind
from GWEC, op. cit. note 5; 1,830 MW from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note
24; and from EPIA, op. cit. note 24; 2,651 MW bio-power from
DECC, op. cit. note 25; 9 MW ocean from renewableUK, “Wave &
Tidal Energy,” at www.renewableuk.com/en/renewable-energy/
wave-and-tidal/index.cfm. Sweden from 3,745 MW wind from
GWEC, op. cit. note 5; 24 MW solar PV from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note
24; 3,992 MW bio-power from preliminary estimates from IEA,
Medium-Term..., op. cit. note 1.
27 Based on data and sources in previous endnotes in this section
and population data for 2011 from World Bank, “Population,
Total,” http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL. For
details, see Reference Table R2.
28 Figure of 84% is based on total capacity among the top 12
countries of 401 GW, and 64% is based on total capacity among
the top five of 308 GW. Data derived from previous endnotes in
this section.
29 Hydropower capacity was 228.6 GW (not including 20.3 GW
of pure pumped storage), from CEC, op. cit. note 19; 75.3 GW
of wind power capacity from GWEC, op. cit. note 5, and from
CWEA, op. cit. note 24; 7 GW of solar PV from Gaetan Masson,
EPIA, personal communication with REN21, 12 February and 21
March 2013; 7 GW also from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 24; 8 GW
bio-power capacity and small amounts of geothermal and ocean
energy capacity from Wang Wei, CNREC, “China renewables and
non-fossil energy utilization,” www.cnrec.org/cn/english/publication/2013-03-02-371.html,
viewed April 2013; and small amounts
of geothermal and ocean energy capacity from CNREC, “China
Renewables Utilization Data 2012,” op. cit. note 24; China also has
small amounts of CSP capacity in pilot projects (see CSP section).
30 China added 88.2 GW from Wang, “China renewables...,” op.
cit. note 29. Total additions and renewable energy shares were
adjusted by REN21 for different levels of wind and solar PV
capacity used in this report. Wind additions were an estimated
14.6 GW per Wang, idem, compared with 12.96 GW added from
CWEA, op. cit. note 24, and GWEC, op. cit. note 5; and solar PV
additions were an estimated 1.06 GW (on-grid only) per Wang,
“China renewables...,” op. cit. note 29, compared with 3.51 GW
added from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 24. The CWEA/GWEC and IEA-
PVPS numbers were used because these reports were released
at a later date and, presumably, based on more final data. The
result is 88.6 GW of capacity added in 2012, which was used for
calculating shares from hydropower and other renewables, based
on wind capacity additions of 12.96 GW per GWEC, solar PV additions
of 3.51 GW per IEA-PVPS, hydro additions of 15.51 GW per
CEC, North China Electricity Regulatory Bureau, “China’s Electric
Power Industry in 2012,” 22 February 2013, www.cec.org.cn/
yaowenkuaidi/2013-02-22/97555.html (using Google Translate),
and bio-power capacity additions of 1 GW from Wang, op. cit. this
note. China added 80.2 GW (including 12.85 GW of wind and 1.19
GW solar PV), for a national total of 1,145 GW of electric capacity
in operation CEC, op. cit. this note. To be conservative, the GSR
used the higher CNREC number for added capacity, from Wang,
“China renewables...,” op. cit. note 29.
31 Share comes to 19.52% based on output from hydro (864 TWh),
wind (3.5 TWh) and solar (3.5 TWh), from State Electricity
Regulatory Commission, cited in “China’s Power Generating
Capacity from Renewable Energy in 2012 up 30.3 Percent YoY,”
ChinaScope Financial, 6 February 2013, at www.chinascopefinancial.com;
and total electricity consumption of 4.9591 trillion
kWh, from CEC, op. cit. note 19; and 20% “generation ratio of
renewables” from Wang, “China renewables...,” op. cit. note 29.
32 Increase in wind and solar PV output from CEC, op. cit. note 19.
Note that hydropower output was up 29% in 2012 relative to 2011,
but this was due more to hydrological variability than increased
capacity; more than coal and passing nuclear from idem.
33 Figure of 12.2% of generation from U.S. EIA, Monthly Energy
Review March 2013 (Washington, DC: March 2013), Table 7.2a
(Electricity Net Generation: Total (All Sectors)), p. 95; share of
capacity (15.4%) from Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
(FERC), Office of Energy Projects, “Energy Infrastructure Update
for December 2012” (Washington, DC: 2013). All renewables
accounted for 12.5% of net generation in 2011.
34 In 2012, hydropower accounted for 6.8% of total electricity
generation and other renewables for 5.4%. All data derived from
U.S. EIA, op. cit. note 33, p. 95. Hydro generation declined in
2012 relative to 2011 because the water supply in the Pacific
Northwest fell from unusually high levels in 2011, from U.S. EIA,
op. cit. note 33.
35 Wind accounted for more than 45% of U.S. electric capacity additions
in 2012 (based on 12,799 MW of wind capacity added) from
U.S. EIA, “Wind Industry Brings Almost 5,400 MW of Capacity
Online in December 2012,” viewed 25 April 2013, at www.eia.gov/
electricity/monthly/update/?scr=email; wind accounted for nearly
41%, natural gas for 33%, coal for 17.1%, and solar power for 5.6%
of U.S. electric capacity additions in 2012, based on data from
FERC, op. cit. note 33. Wind accounted for 42% (based on 13,124
MW added) according to AWEA, “4Q report: Wind energy top
source for new generation in 2012; American wind power installed
new record of 13,124 MW,” Wind Energy Weekly, 1 February 2013.
About half from FERC, op. cit. note 33.
01
Renewables 2013 Global Status Report 137