American Cryptology during the Cold War - The Black Vault

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RC·130 Then disaster struck. On 2 September 1958 an RC-130 on its initial flight out of Adana strayed over the border and was shot down. Two pairs ofMIG-15s (or 17s; there was not enough evidence to determine which) attacked the reconnaissance aircraft in waves in a well-coordinated operation which left no room for doubt that their intent was destruction. The voice tapes were as dramatic as they were damning. (See p. 146.) The Soviets said nothing, so the State Department on 6 September sent a note to the Soviet government requesting information on an unarmed C-130 carrying a crew of seventeen which had disappeared during a flight from Adana to Trabzon, Turkey. Finally, on the 12th the Soviet embassy in Washington replied that the missing transport had crashed in Soviet Armenia, killing six crew members, but that Moscow had provided no information about an additional group ofeleven. An exchange ofdiplomatic notes over the next ten days shed no further light on the missing eleven bodies, so on 21 September the State Department admitted that they knew the aircraft had been shot down and appealed for information on the rest of the crew on humanitarian grounds. The Soviets replied that they considered the flight to have been an intentional violation of their borders but made no reference to the involvement offighter aircraft or a shootdown. IIltNBhS Yilt 'fALSN'f I(SYIISLS eSMlH'f eSN'fftSL SYSTEMS J6UifTL i ~OT Ri:U "~,, JilU 'i'Q peRSiaN N*TI6!ifJ(L~ 145
PBS CONVERSATION [pilot billet suffix] 582 201 to 218 201 201 201 218 [missing] [missing] [missing] [missing] [missing] The target is a large one.... Roger Attack! Attack! 218, attack. I am attacking the target Target speed is 3000, I am flying with it. It is turning toward the fence [Le., border]. The target is banking.. " Itis going toward the fence. Attack! Yes, yes, I am attacking. The target is burning.... The tail assembly (b% is falling oro the target. Look at him, he will not get away, he is already falling. Yes, he is falling (b% I will finish him off) on the run. The target has lost control, it is going down. A crew of seventeen men, including eleven USAFSS airmen and a front-end crew of six, was lost. In October the Soviets produced the bodies of the six members of the front-end crew, but the bodies of the eleven USAFSS airmen were never turned over; and this strange circumstance produced a spate of conspiracy theories regarding the possible capture and long-term incarceration, not to mention forceable interrogation, of the COMINT crew. The evidence of the voice tapes makes it quite clear that no one could have escaped the fiery crash in a mountainous region ofthe Caucasus, but what happened to the bodies remains a mystery to this day.ls5 In November, after more than two months of Soviet "stonewalling," Deputy Under Secretary of State Robert Murphy summoned Soviet ambassador Mikhail Menshikov to his office, told him he had the voice tapes of the shootdown, and said he would play them immediately. Menshikov declared that he was not a technician and walked out of the office. In January of the following year, Vice President Nixon and Secretary of State Ib\f'fBLfi:l VIA 'fALfi:lfff Kfi:lYIISLfi:l e8MIU'f' e8N'f'ft8L SYS'f'fi:lMS
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NO. 90,3 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC
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'fOP !!(:FU!T tlM81b\ UNITED STATES
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.§ Ib) (1) .~; Ib) (3) -50 USC 403
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'fap SECRIiTjJ.MB'1t4 The Reorganiz
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fepSEeRET~ Non - Responsive IOP3EeR
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T6'5ECRET~ Non - Responsive iii A ;
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TOPSEeRE~ American History, 1775-19
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'(b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 TOP SECAr, tJM
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--------------~ - - - -- - - TOp Si
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Tap SECRET~RA One other wartime acc
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TOP5iCRET~ exacted revenge over a p
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lap 5fEftf'f ~BRA order to tighten
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1'011 S!CRET~ Government offices on
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Te"S!CREI~ were to continue to trai
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:rep 'I!!!CRE I U~RA Rowlett and Wi
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:rep Sl!eREru~ cryptanalysts, Lieut
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liaison office had maintained an of
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ..tOP §EERI!T~
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~PSEeREr~ Rear Admiral Earl E. Ston
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Analytic section, Arlington Hall St
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lOP 5I!CREfij~RA Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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George A. Brownell The Brownell Com
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fe, 5EEREf UMBRA KOREA Ithas become
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OPSECREi tJM8itA to sink or swim on
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TOP SECRET liMBItA dramatic switch
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T9P SECRET liMBIbIc When the ROK ar
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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op SECRET l::JMBRA However, encount
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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lap SECRET l:JMBRA In early 1952 mu
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TOP SECRETtJMBItA The AFSA Factor O
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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lOP SIiEAET l::JMBRA Ib) (3) -P.L.
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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and he might have failed had he com
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Table 2
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--------------- - -- In 1953 a comm
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Canine continued to strengthen the
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~RA Arlington Hall and Nebraska Ave
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itselfwas established concluded tha
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hammered out an agreement which res
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Canine thought that Navy COMINTwas
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ofhis term as DIRNSA, it was rumore
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leap SECRET tJMBkA system, oversigh
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA lOP SECRET '='M
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
Page 109 and 110: (3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18 USC 798 Ii:!"
Page 111: -------- ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18
Page 114 and 115: -------- (b) (1) (b) (3) OGA (1) (3
Page 116 and 117: ,Ib) (1) !Ib) (3) !OGA ,I' L t6~i~~
Page 118 and 119: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA Just\V~atwa~ la
Page 120 and 121: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
Page 122 and 123: Dulles was interested in HUMINT and
Page 124 and 125: the theater and on to the United St
Page 126 and 127: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ibl(3)-
Page 128 and 129: \ \ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 8
Page 130 and 131: ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 86-36
Page 132 and 133: \ ~ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86
Page 134 and 135: ------- ----j
Page 136 and 137: ------- /
Page 138 and 139: OGA ( 1) ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P
Page 140 and 141: - -------- ~-
Page 142 and 143: -------- (1) Ib) (3)
Page 144 and 145: ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86-36
Page 146 and 147: ASA PAC in the 1940s ASA's first p(
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Page 150 and 151: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
Page 152 and 153: The Navy site on AdakIsland in the
Page 154 and 155: All services showed an interest in
Page 156 and 157: intelligence collection. The best k
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Page 162 and 163: Dulles protested the SOviet attitud
Page 164 and 165: During the Oval Office review ofthe
Page 166 and 167: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 34. Hoover Comm
Page 168 and 169: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 81. David Kahn,
Page 170 and 171: Hb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 119. ~A Chronol
Page 172 and 173: Truman administration also saw the
Page 174 and 175: (b) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
Page 176 and 177: -TOP SECRET tJMBRA A second outside
Page 178 and 179: The next lead was a 1948 translatio
Page 180 and 181: Kim Philby strikes a smug pose duri
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Page 184 and 185: J.... .....,jl Printer seemed to be
Page 186 and 187: TOP SEcQriT liMBRA - (b) (1) (b)(3)
Page 188 and 189: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) 3)-
Page 190 and 191: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
Page 192 and 193: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
Page 194 and 195: TOP SErBi; ~MB~ - suggested by the
Page 196: -- - I :(1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L
Page 199 and 200: Project. 54 Then, two years later,
Page 201 and 202: TRACKING SUBMARINES - THE STORY OF
Page 203 and 204: (1) Ib) (3)-50 USC 4 Ib) (3) -18 US
Page 205 and 206: .Jf'lb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 . .... ,."
Page 207 and 208: .' Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~~RA 65. NSN
Page 209 and 210: The American Navy Bombe ANavy WAVE
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The relationshi
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the IBM Selective Sequence Calculat
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The best general-purpose computer i
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HARVEST worked after a fashion and
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The message went via HF single side
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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~~ A bank ofKW·26s installed in NS
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Paper codes were archaic solutions
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The Early Years ofSecure Speech Voi
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But his memo did not actually estab
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AFSAM-7 Several different systems,
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -18 USC 798 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Thus wa
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 36. "NSA Review
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Chapter 6 Cryptology at Mid-decade
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the country, equipped with the fine
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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ecommended special decentralization
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The basic ground rule was that the
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was uninhabited, but was near a maj
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- _ .. - ------ It began with an in
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Fort Meade would be regarded as a P
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Chapter 7 The Eisenhower Reforms TH
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The new NSCID m
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But this, said Baker, was not the w
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA a special study
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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In that year, NSAEUR, over the stre
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------- / (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 I
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 f9P SEeRE i ~BR
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--------------~~~~ concerns that NS
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competent authority...." Other comp
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Beginning in 1939, a series ofmagaz
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Entirely apart from the well-known
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The Petersen Case (b) (6) Joseph Sy
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Martin and Mitchell duringtheir pre
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equired considerable planning, and
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~U~RA 8. Davids
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64. Ibid. 65. Ibid. 66. Ibid. 67. I
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