American Cryptology during the Cold War - The Black Vault

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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 8. Ibid.; oral interview with Dr. Howard Campaigne, 29 June 1983, by Robert Farley, NSA OH-14-83. 9. NSASAB, "Technology for Special Purpose Processors," March 1978, in ACC 27451, CBm 31; and ACC 10896, CBOC33. 10. Douglas Hogan, "General and Special Purpose Computers: A Historical Look and Some Lessons Learned," 23 May 1986, unpublished manuscript in CCH files. 11. Snyder, CCH series VI.D.3.7. 12. NSNCSS Archives, ACC 10978, CBOC 33; ACC 6851, CBKI 61; ACC 10573, CBVB 57. 13. NSAlCSS Archives, ACC 11112, CBNI 55. 14. Snyder,"Influences," NSAlCSS Archives, ACC 10978, CBOC 33; Phillips interview. 15. Phillips interview. 16. Snyder,"Influence"; NSASAB, "Technology...... 17. Snyder, ~Influence." 18. "Mechanization in Support ofCOMINT." 19. NSAlCSS Archives ACC 109'78, H01-0601; Douglas Hogan. 20. Phillips interview. 21. Ibid. 22. Hogan,Snyder, "Influence." 23. Hogan. 24. Hogan, Snyder, "Influence"; Phillips interview. 25. Memos by Samford!and Engstrom, datedJan and Apr 57, inCCH files. 26. Hogan, Howard H. Campaigne, "LIGHTNING," NSA Technical Journal, IV, 3 July 1959,63-67; Tordella interview, Kirby interview. 27. Hogan,Phillipsinterview. 28. Phillips interview. 29. "History ofAFSAlNSA Communications Center," correspondence file in CCH Series VI H.1.2.; ~NSA's Telecommunications Problems, 1952-1968," unpublished historical study available in CCH Series X.H.4.; George Howe, "The Narative History ofAFSAlNSA, Part V, Final Draft,Ch. XXVI-XXX," available in CCH. 30. "HistoryofAFSAINSA Communications Center." 31. "History ofAFSAINSA Communications Center"; videotape lecture on the history ofNSA communications by I rvailable in CCH. 32. "History ofAFSN NSA Communications Center"; NSNCSS Archives ACC 33707, HO1-0108-6. 33. "NSA's Telecommunications Problems...." Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3) -18 USC 798 35. "History ofAFSAINSA Communications Center"; "NSA's Telecommunications Problems." UAl'fBbFJ VI," 'i'lIbBI'f'f KBYII8bB e8MIn'f eBH'fft6L S'lSTEMS JOIHTL i NOT REI E Alii A iIsi: 'llQ FQRBI8N H)rTIOI(1\LS 223
Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 36. "NSA Review ofU.S. CryptologicEtfort...," in CCH Series VI.EE.l:3. 37. George F. Howe, "Centralized COMINT Communications Centers: The Historical Record," unpublished manuscriptin CCllSel-ies X.H.5. 38c=Jvid.~otape; Tordella interview; CAHA, ACC 33707.,H01.0108-6. 39. "NSA's Telecommunications Problems...,,~ ~The National Security Agency's Gray Telephone System: Presentand Future," Telecom Ca.reer Panelpaper,19July 1982. 40. "NSA's Telecommunications Problems...." 41. "ImplementationofNSCID 7," CCH SeriesVI.B.1.3. 42. Edward Fitzgerald, "A History of t,T.SiCommunications Security: Post-World War II,: unpublished manuscriptavailable in E324~ I.iTheory ofWired Wheels/, 11 March 1955, in CCH Series VI EE.1.30; McConnell manuscript available in CCH; Ryon A. Page, "The Wired Wheel in U.S. Communications Security," unpublished manuscript in CCH Series VI.F.1.21. . 43. Fitzgerald. 44. Boak lecture, 1991 Cryptologic History Symposium, available on videotape in CCH. 45. Page. 46. Page; David Boak, A History ofU.S. Communications Security, rev ed 1973 (The Dave Boak Lecture Series). 47.1 ~aper; "Evolution of Equipment to provide COMSEC" (lecture dated 1971) in CCH Series VI.F.1.6.; Oral H~storyinterview with Howard Rosenblum, 14 Aug 1991,by Robert Farley and Henry Scborreck, NSA OH 03·91. 48. Fitzgerald. 49. Ibid. 50. Burns. 51. William Nolte, draft history ofNSA, available in/CCH files. 52. "COMSEC Material(Historical) 1957-1970," in CCH Series VI.F.1.3. 53. "COMSEC Historical Material." 54. Ibid. 55. David Boak, writtenstatement, Oct. 1994. 56. Memo for the Chairman, USCSC, "Capsule History of the USCSB, 12 January 1970," from the Executive Secretary, Thomas R. Chittenden, in COMSEC Historical Material. 57. Fitzgerald; "Manufacture ofCOMSEC Keying Materials (83)," inCCH Series VI.F.1.12. 58. Oral interview~ ~ Feb. 1993, by Charles Baker and Tom Johnson, NSA OH 2- 93. 59. Collins, V. I, 45. 60. "Historical Study ofNSA Telecommunications, Annual, 1973-1975," in CCH Series VI.A.l.IO. 61. David Boak, A History ofu.s. Communications Security (The David Boak Lecture Series), 1973. IlMH3bB ViA 'fI.hB!i'f ii:ElYIlObB eOMW'f eeU'fROb &YS'fBMS dOm'fbY NOT REI E AS ABI i TQ FQRBiSn nA'fI61~1rLS 224
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NO. 90,3 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC
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'fOP !!(:FU!T tlM81b\ UNITED STATES
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.§ Ib) (1) .~; Ib) (3) -50 USC 403
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'fap SECRIiTjJ.MB'1t4 The Reorganiz
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fepSEeRET~ Non - Responsive IOP3EeR
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T6'5ECRET~ Non - Responsive iii A ;
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TOPSEeRE~ American History, 1775-19
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'(b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 TOP SECAr, tJM
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--------------~ - - - -- - - TOp Si
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Tap SECRET~RA One other wartime acc
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TOP5iCRET~ exacted revenge over a p
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lap 5fEftf'f ~BRA order to tighten
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1'011 S!CRET~ Government offices on
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Te"S!CREI~ were to continue to trai
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:rep 'I!!!CRE I U~RA Rowlett and Wi
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:rep Sl!eREru~ cryptanalysts, Lieut
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liaison office had maintained an of
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ..tOP §EERI!T~
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~PSEeREr~ Rear Admiral Earl E. Ston
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Analytic section, Arlington Hall St
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lOP 5I!CREfij~RA Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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George A. Brownell The Brownell Com
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fe, 5EEREf UMBRA KOREA Ithas become
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OPSECREi tJM8itA to sink or swim on
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TOP SECRET liMBItA dramatic switch
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T9P SECRET liMBIbIc When the ROK ar
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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op SECRET l::JMBRA However, encount
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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lap SECRET l:JMBRA In early 1952 mu
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TOP SECRETtJMBItA The AFSA Factor O
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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lOP SIiEAET l::JMBRA Ib) (3) -P.L.
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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and he might have failed had he com
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Table 2
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--------------- - -- In 1953 a comm
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Canine continued to strengthen the
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~RA Arlington Hall and Nebraska Ave
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itselfwas established concluded tha
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hammered out an agreement which res
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Canine thought that Navy COMINTwas
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ofhis term as DIRNSA, it was rumore
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leap SECRET tJMBkA system, oversigh
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA lOP SECRET '='M
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
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(3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18 USC 798 Ii:!"
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-------- ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18
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-------- (b) (1) (b) (3) OGA (1) (3
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,Ib) (1) !Ib) (3) !OGA ,I' L t6~i~~
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA Just\V~atwa~ la
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Dulles was interested in HUMINT and
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the theater and on to the United St
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ibl(3)-
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\ \ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 8
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 86-36
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\ ~ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86
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------- ----j
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------- /
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OGA ( 1) ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P
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- -------- ~-
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-------- (1) Ib) (3)
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86-36
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ASA PAC in the 1940s ASA's first p(
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~U~RA rather than to support tactic
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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The Navy site on AdakIsland in the
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All services showed an interest in
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intelligence collection. The best k
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
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RC·130 Then disaster struck. On 2
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Dulles protested the SOviet attitud
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During the Oval Office review ofthe
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 34. Hoover Comm
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 81. David Kahn,
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Hb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 119. ~A Chronol
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Truman administration also saw the
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(b) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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-TOP SECRET tJMBRA A second outside
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The next lead was a 1948 translatio
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Kim Philby strikes a smug pose duri
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cryptanalytic effort was gargantuan
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J.... .....,jl Printer seemed to be
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Page 188 and 189: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) 3)-
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Page 199 and 200: Project. 54 Then, two years later,
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Page 203 and 204: (1) Ib) (3)-50 USC 4 Ib) (3) -18 US
Page 205 and 206: .Jf'lb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 . .... ,."
Page 207 and 208: .' Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~~RA 65. NSN
Page 209 and 210: The American Navy Bombe ANavy WAVE
Page 211 and 212: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The relationshi
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Page 215 and 216: The best general-purpose computer i
Page 217 and 218: HARVEST worked after a fashion and
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Page 221 and 222: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
Page 223 and 224: ~~ A bank ofKW·26s installed in NS
Page 225 and 226: Paper codes were archaic solutions
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Page 229 and 230: But his memo did not actually estab
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Page 235: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Thus wa
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Page 241 and 242: the country, equipped with the fine
Page 253 and 254: ecommended special decentralization
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Page 257 and 258: was uninhabited, but was near a maj
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Page 265 and 266: Chapter 7 The Eisenhower Reforms TH
Page 267 and 268: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The new NSCID m
Page 269 and 270: But this, said Baker, was not the w
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Page 281 and 282: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 f9P SEeRE i ~BR
Page 283 and 284: --------------~~~~ concerns that NS
Page 285 and 286: competent authority...." Other comp
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Beginning in 1939, a series ofmagaz
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Entirely apart from the well-known
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The Petersen Case (b) (6) Joseph Sy
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Martin and Mitchell duringtheir pre
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equired considerable planning, and
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~U~RA 8. Davids
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64. Ibid. 65. Ibid. 66. Ibid. 67. I
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