American Cryptology during the Cold War - The Black Vault

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JOP 5!CkET U~RA (b) (6) \ As the Walter Committee proceeded, the FBI investigation was winding down. An intensive screening ofon-board employees had turned up a small number ofpeople whose sexual conduct, in light ofthe sexual mores ofthe time, might be questioned, and of these some twenty-six had been terminated. The proceedings were not all that a civil libertarian might have wanted, but they calmed the waters long enough for NSA to begin functioning again. 94 The damage to NSA's public image was so severe that it overshadowed the cryptologic damage that had been done. Because it appeared that the two defectors had not carried away documents and that they had not had a previous relationship with the Soviets, just what the Soviets did know as a result was speculative. Martin and Mitchell had known about he Soviet problem, but they were in a position to give away information on certain Soviet cipher systems, especially a system called emp ()yees ut no one ever a proof. And unlike Weisband, their defection was not coincident with any sort of "Black Friday." This, the most famous (or infamQus)of NSA's security cases, was not the most damaging. Notes 1. Max Davidson, "The Criticomm System," Cryptologic Spectrum, Spring 1975,11-14. 2. "NSA's Telecommunications Problems, 1952-1968," CCH Series X.H.4. 3. "Report ofthe Secretary's Ad Hoc committee on COMINT/COMSEC" (the Robel'tsClnReport), June 1958, in CCH Sel'ies VI.C.l.11. 4. "NSA's Telecommunications Pl'oblems...... 5. "NSA's Telecommunications Problems ... "; Tordella oral interview; Eisenhower Library papers inCGR Series XVI. 6. NSCID7. 7. Tordella interview. (b) (1) (b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 (b) (3) -50 USC 403 (b) (3) -18 USC 798 IIAUBLe VIA 'fALe!", l(eYIISLe eSMH'" eSN''fReL SYS'ftlMS dSm'fLY ns'f RElbElA8.t'.BbEl 'fS FSRfH8N ?u.'fISrfALS 284
Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~U~RA 8. Davidson. 9. "NSA's Telecommunications problems ... "1 1108. 10. Eisenhower Library papers, "Report. of the Joint Study Group on Foreign Intelligence Activities," 15 December 1960, in CCH Series VI.C ..1.32. 11. "The Baker Panel Report and Associated Correspondence," in CCH Series VI.X.1.9. 12. Ibid.; Eisenhower Library papers. 13. BakerPane] Report, ACe 1666'7, eaR~ 51. 14. Baker Panel; Eisenhower Library. 15. Baker Panel; Eisenhower Library. 16. Baker Panel. 17. NSAlCSSArchives,ACC 16667,CaRF51. 18. Eisenhower Library papers. 19. Eisenhower Library papers; David Kahn, The Codebreakers: The Story of Secret Writing (New York: MacMillan, 1967), 677; HistoryofIDAlCRD by Richard Leibler, in CCH Series VI.A.1.6.2. 20. Baker Panel. 21. Howe, draft history ofthe Robertson report, in CCH Series VI.C.1.12. 22. Robertson report. 23. Ibid. 24. Ibid. 25. Ibid. 26. Ibid. 27. Memo for Mrlkubject: 0.·verSight..Ofthe National Security Agency by the DepartmentofDefense, 9 Nov 1967, in CC~.1.27. 28. "History ofthe Electronic Intelligence Coordinating Group, 1955-1958," in CCH Series VI.O.1.6.; Collins, V. III, 12.; Tordella interview. 29. CCH Series VI.O.1.3.; VI.B.2.6. 30. CCH Series VI.O.1.3.1 ~tudY, 16-17; interview with Dr. Robert Hermann, NSA OH 45-94, 2 Sept 1994, Charles Baker and Tom Johnson. 31. CCH Series VI.O.1.3.; VI.O.1.2. 32. NSAlCSS Archives, ACC 39471,H03-03U-4DtudY, 16-26. 33. CCH Series VI.O.1.3.; NSAlCSS Archives, ACC 39471, H03-0311-4. 34. Melville J. Boucher, "Talomatry [sic] and How it Grew," Part I, Spectrum, Fall 1971, 13; CCH Series VI.0.l.3.; ACC 39471,H03-0311-4. IIM,ebB Wit 'fl\±JElN'f ItBYII6LI!J e6Mm'f e6H''f!t6L SfS'fflMSJ6m'fLY NOT RELEASABI E TO i'QRBI8tf H1rTIONALS 285
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NO. 90,3 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC
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'fOP !!(:FU!T tlM81b\ UNITED STATES
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.§ Ib) (1) .~; Ib) (3) -50 USC 403
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'fap SECRIiTjJ.MB'1t4 The Reorganiz
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fepSEeRET~ Non - Responsive IOP3EeR
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T6'5ECRET~ Non - Responsive iii A ;
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TOPSEeRE~ American History, 1775-19
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'(b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 TOP SECAr, tJM
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--------------~ - - - -- - - TOp Si
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Tap SECRET~RA One other wartime acc
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TOP5iCRET~ exacted revenge over a p
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lap 5fEftf'f ~BRA order to tighten
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1'011 S!CRET~ Government offices on
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Te"S!CREI~ were to continue to trai
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:rep 'I!!!CRE I U~RA Rowlett and Wi
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:rep Sl!eREru~ cryptanalysts, Lieut
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liaison office had maintained an of
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ..tOP §EERI!T~
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~PSEeREr~ Rear Admiral Earl E. Ston
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Analytic section, Arlington Hall St
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lOP 5I!CREfij~RA Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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George A. Brownell The Brownell Com
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fe, 5EEREf UMBRA KOREA Ithas become
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OPSECREi tJM8itA to sink or swim on
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TOP SECRET liMBItA dramatic switch
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T9P SECRET liMBIbIc When the ROK ar
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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op SECRET l::JMBRA However, encount
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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lap SECRET l:JMBRA In early 1952 mu
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TOP SECRETtJMBItA The AFSA Factor O
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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lOP SIiEAET l::JMBRA Ib) (3) -P.L.
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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and he might have failed had he com
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Table 2
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--------------- - -- In 1953 a comm
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Canine continued to strengthen the
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~RA Arlington Hall and Nebraska Ave
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itselfwas established concluded tha
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hammered out an agreement which res
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Canine thought that Navy COMINTwas
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ofhis term as DIRNSA, it was rumore
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leap SECRET tJMBkA system, oversigh
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA lOP SECRET '='M
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
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(3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18 USC 798 Ii:!"
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-------- ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3)-18
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-------- (b) (1) (b) (3) OGA (1) (3
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,Ib) (1) !Ib) (3) !OGA ,I' L t6~i~~
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA Just\V~atwa~ la
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Dulles was interested in HUMINT and
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the theater and on to the United St
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ibl(3)-
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\ \ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 8
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 86-36
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\ ~ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86
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------- ----j
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------- /
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OGA ( 1) ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P
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- -------- ~-
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-------- (1) Ib) (3)
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86-36
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ASA PAC in the 1940s ASA's first p(
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~U~RA rather than to support tactic
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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The Navy site on AdakIsland in the
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All services showed an interest in
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intelligence collection. The best k
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
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RC·130 Then disaster struck. On 2
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Dulles protested the SOviet attitud
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During the Oval Office review ofthe
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 34. Hoover Comm
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 81. David Kahn,
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Hb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 119. ~A Chronol
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Truman administration also saw the
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(b) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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-TOP SECRET tJMBRA A second outside
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The next lead was a 1948 translatio
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Kim Philby strikes a smug pose duri
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cryptanalytic effort was gargantuan
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J.... .....,jl Printer seemed to be
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TOP SEcQriT liMBRA - (b) (1) (b)(3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) 3)-
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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TOP SErBi; ~MB~ - suggested by the
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-- - I :(1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L
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Project. 54 Then, two years later,
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TRACKING SUBMARINES - THE STORY OF
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(1) Ib) (3)-50 USC 4 Ib) (3) -18 US
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.Jf'lb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 . .... ,."
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.' Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~~RA 65. NSN
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The American Navy Bombe ANavy WAVE
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The relationshi
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the IBM Selective Sequence Calculat
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The best general-purpose computer i
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HARVEST worked after a fashion and
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The message went via HF single side
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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~~ A bank ofKW·26s installed in NS
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Paper codes were archaic solutions
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The Early Years ofSecure Speech Voi
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But his memo did not actually estab
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AFSAM-7 Several different systems,
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -18 USC 798 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Thus wa
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 36. "NSA Review
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Chapter 6 Cryptology at Mid-decade
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the country, equipped with the fine
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Page 247 and 248: Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
Page 253 and 254: ecommended special decentralization
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Page 281 and 282: Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 f9P SEeRE i ~BR
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Page 285 and 286: competent authority...." Other comp
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Page 293 and 294: Martin and Mitchell duringtheir pre
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Page 299 and 300: 64. Ibid. 65. Ibid. 66. Ibid. 67. I
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American Cryptology during the Cold War - The Black Vault

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