American Cryptology during the Cold War - The Black Vault

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lOP SIiEAET l::JMBRA Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 28. Guy Vanderpool, "COMINT andthe PRC Intervention inthe KoreanWar," paper available in CCH. 29. Roy E. Appleman, Disaster in Korea: The Chinese Confront MacArthur (College Station, Texas: Texas A and M Press, 1989). 30. Blair, Forgotten War, 350. 31. [Drake, Robert, and others] "The COMINT Role in the Korean War," unpublished manuscript in CCH series V.M.l.9. See also Howe, "COMINT Production in the Korean War ..."; otal history interview Milton Zaslow,14 May 1993 by Charles Baker and Guy Vanderpool, NSA OH 17-93; oral history interview Robert Drake, 5 December 1985 by Robert D. Farley and Tom Johnson, NSA OH 18-85; oral history interview Samuel S. K. Hong, 9 December 1986 by Robert D. Farley, NSA OH 40-86. 32. Blair, Forgotten War,375-78. 33. Zaslow interview; Drake interview. 34. Department ofthe Army G2, "Indications of Chinese Communist Intentions to Intervene in Korea," 7 May 1954, in CCH series V.M.7.4.; oral history interview Admiral Arleigh Burke, 9 December 1981, by Robert D. Farley and Henry F. Schorreck, NSA OH 13-81. 35. "Analysis ofAFSS Effort ..."; George Howe, "COMINT Production in the Korean War...." 36. Assistant ChiefofStaff, G-2, "COMINT Operations ," contains the bestsummaryQfLLVI operations. 37. See Assistant ChiefofStaff, "COMINT Operations ," 56-57. 38. Assistant ChiefofStaff, G-2, "COMINT Operations " See also oral history intervie~L.- 124 April 1982 by Robert Farley, NSA Oral History 9-82,122. 39. For a description ofthe action, see Walter G. Hermes, Truce Tent andFighting Front, United States Army in the Korean War (Washington, D.C.: Office ofthe ChiefofMilitary History, United States Army, 1966), 303-08. 40. Summaries ofAFSS tactical operations can be found in the following: USAFSS, "Analysis ofAFSS Effort in the Korean Action," unpublished draft in CCH Series V.M.2.1.; NSA, "Review of U.S. Cryptologic Effort, 1952 54," in CCH series VI EE.1.3.; and [Hop Harrigerl "A Historical Study...." The latter document contains the fullest explanation ofthe Yoke operation. 41. [Hop Harrigerl "A Historical Study... ," 72. 42. The new operation is described in USAFSS, "Analysis ofAFSS Effort ..."; "Historical Data Report for the 6920 SG,I January 1953,"; interview with Delmar Lang [undatedl, in CCH Series VI, AFSS section; and Major Chancel T. French, "Deadly Advantage: Signals Intelligence in Combat, V. II," Air University Research Report # AU-ARI-84-1,1984. 43. French, "Deadly Advantage ..."; oral history interview Col (USA, Ret.) Russell H. Horton, 14 March 1982 by Robert D. Farley, NSA Oral History 6-82. 44. U.s. Naval Security Group, "U.S. Naval Communications Supplementary Activities in the Korean Conflict, June 1950-August 1953," in CCH Series V.H.3.L 45. Richard Chun, unpublished manuscript in CCH Series V.M.LIL 46. Drake and others, "The COMINT Role in the Korean War." 47. Assistant ChiefofStaff, G-2, "COMINT Operations...." 48. [Drake and others] "The COMINT RoJe in the Korean War." IIANBbB VIA 'fA:hEl1ff I(ElYII8hEl e8MUff e8r,'fR8h Sl{S'ftJMS d'8In'ff::H NO 1 REL~'AS1iBLI!l 'f8 F8RBISN nA'I'IQ~A bS TQP SECRET l:JMBRA 58
+9P SEeR!!!T UMBRA 49. "U.S. Cryptographic Assistance and COMINT Collaboration with the ROK," 24 February 1955, in CCH Series V.M.6.5. 50. File ofmemos related to the history ofAFSAJNSA communications center, in CCH Series VI.H.1.2. 51. NSA, "Study ofthe COMINT Situation in Korea," undated memo (probably December 1952) in CCH Series V.M.l.14. 52, "Agreement on COMINT activities between the U.S. and the Republic of Korea, 1956," in CCH Series V.M.6.3. 53. Brownell Committee Report, G-I-G-2; see also Mary E. Holub, Joyce M. Homs and SSgt Kay B. Grice, "A Chronology ofSignificant Events in the History ofElectronic Security Command, 1948-1988," 1 March 1990, in CCH Series X.J.6. 54. CCH Series VI.A.1.3. 55. "Study ofthe COMINT Situation in Korea." 56. "Analysis ofAFSS Effort in the Korean Action." 57. "Study ofthe COMINT Situation in Korea." 58. USCIB memorandum, 20 July 1950, and NSC memorandum dated 27 July, in Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri (contained in CCH Series XVI). 59~ ~The History ofSIGINT in the Central Intelligence Agency, 1947-1970," October 1971, V. 1.,86 in CIA history collection,Ames Building, Rosslyn, Virginia. Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA HANDLE VIA TALENT KEYHOLE CO ROL SYSTEMS JOINTLY NOTR ETOFOREIGNNATIONALS 59
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NO. 90,3 UNITED STATES CRYPTOLOGIC
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'fOP !!(:FU!T tlM81b\ UNITED STATES
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.§ Ib) (1) .~; Ib) (3) -50 USC 403
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'fap SECRIiTjJ.MB'1t4 The Reorganiz
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fepSEeRET~ Non - Responsive IOP3EeR
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T6'5ECRET~ Non - Responsive iii A ;
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TOPSEeRE~ American History, 1775-19
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'(b) (3) -P.L. 86-36 TOP SECAr, tJM
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--------------~ - - - -- - - TOp Si
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Tap SECRET~RA One other wartime acc
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TOP5iCRET~ exacted revenge over a p
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the theater and on to the United St
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ibl(3)-
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\ \ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 8
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L. 86-36
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\ ~ ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86
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------- ----j
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------- /
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OGA ( 1) ( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P
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- -------- ~-
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-------- (1) Ib) (3)
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( 1) (3)-50 USC 403 3) -P.L. 86-36
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ASA PAC in the 1940s ASA's first p(
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~U~RA rather than to support tactic
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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The Navy site on AdakIsland in the
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All services showed an interest in
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intelligence collection. The best k
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 (3) -P.
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RC·130 Then disaster struck. On 2
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Dulles protested the SOviet attitud
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During the Oval Office review ofthe
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 34. Hoover Comm
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 81. David Kahn,
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Hb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 119. ~A Chronol
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Truman administration also saw the
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(b) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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-TOP SECRET tJMBRA A second outside
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The next lead was a 1948 translatio
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Kim Philby strikes a smug pose duri
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cryptanalytic effort was gargantuan
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J.... .....,jl Printer seemed to be
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TOP SEcQriT liMBRA - (b) (1) (b)(3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) 3)-
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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TOP SErBi; ~MB~ - suggested by the
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-- - I :(1) (3)-50 USC 403 (3) -P.L
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Project. 54 Then, two years later,
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TRACKING SUBMARINES - THE STORY OF
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(1) Ib) (3)-50 USC 4 Ib) (3) -18 US
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.Jf'lb) (3) -P.L. 86-36 . .... ,."
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.' Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~~RA 65. NSN
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The American Navy Bombe ANavy WAVE
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The relationshi
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the IBM Selective Sequence Calculat
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The best general-purpose computer i
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HARVEST worked after a fashion and
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The message went via HF single side
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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~~ A bank ofKW·26s installed in NS
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Paper codes were archaic solutions
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The Early Years ofSecure Speech Voi
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But his memo did not actually estab
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AFSAM-7 Several different systems,
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -18 USC 798 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Thus wa
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 36. "NSA Review
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Chapter 6 Cryptology at Mid-decade
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the country, equipped with the fine
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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ecommended special decentralization
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The basic ground rule was that the
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was uninhabited, but was near a maj
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- _ .. - ------ It began with an in
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Fort Meade would be regarded as a P
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Chapter 7 The Eisenhower Reforms TH
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 The new NSCID m
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But this, said Baker, was not the w
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 Ib) (3)
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) OGA a special study
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Ib) (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 Ib) (3)
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In that year, NSAEUR, over the stre
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------- / (1) Ib) (3) -50 USC 403 I
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 f9P SEeRE i ~BR
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--------------~~~~ concerns that NS
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competent authority...." Other comp
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Beginning in 1939, a series ofmagaz
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Entirely apart from the well-known
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The Petersen Case (b) (6) Joseph Sy
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Martin and Mitchell duringtheir pre
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equired considerable planning, and
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Ib) (3) -P.L. 86-36 ~U~RA 8. Davids
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64. Ibid. 65. Ibid. 66. Ibid. 67. I
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