Hazar World - Sayı: 18 - Mayıs 2014

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Moskova’nın elinde bir siyasi-askeri kart
haline dönüşmesiyle bir kez daha görüldü.
Kuramsal açıklamaları bir yana bıraksak
bile enerji güvenliğinin bugünkü halinin
bir yandan “karşılıklı bağımlılık” meselesiyle,
diğer yandan “kazanan ve kaybedenlerin
olduğu stratejik oyunlarla” ilişkili hale
geldiği açık. Üstelik hikâye burada bitmiyor;
çünkü karşılıklı bağımlılık ekolünün
en önemli kalemlerinden Nye ve Keohane 4
dahi mutlak kazanç ve göreceli kazançla
ilgili meselelerin birbirlerinden çok kolay
ayırt edilemeyeceklerini, bu yüzden askeri
güç kullanma tehdidinin enerji ekonomisi
gibi bir “mutlak kazanç” alanında (yani
herkesin kazanabileceği bir alanda) bile söz
konusu olabileceğini yadsımıyorlar. Üstelik
03
02
03
Ukrayna’daki
belirsizlik
bölgedeki enerji
istikrarını tehdit
ediyor.
03
Uncertainty in
Ukraine
threatens the
energy stability
in the region.
Enerji güvenliği
AKTÖRLERİN
GÜVENLİK
GÜNDEMLERİNİN
BİR PARÇASI
HALİNE GELİYOR.
ENERGY SECURITY IS
BECOMING A PART
OF THE ACTORS’
SECURITY AGENDA.
politics and power diplomacy.
Energy security is an “umbrella concept”
that is frequently used in recent years.
While it means that energy should be consumed
in a continuous, affordable and
environment-friendly way, it also establishes
a direct link between energy, associated
with the traditional perspective of security
as well, and the elements of national power
and economic development. In this perspective,
energy security does not only
include the security of energy supply and
demand, it is also a part of the actor’s security
agenda and national strategy. So far,
the story is actually simple and understandable.
Living the daily routine of life,
building the production-consumption
chain, growing, prospering and getting
stronger is not possible without energy.
Therefore, the actors tried to consolidate
their energy security in terms of keeping
strategic reserves and determining a ‘diversification
strategy’ –for both the energy
itself and the source country- since the
1970s. However, the concept of energy security
that we use since the 1990s is a part of a
slightly deeper discussion and it is meaningful
in terms of analyzing the 2006-2009-
2013 Ukraine crises and their impacts.
Energy security is now calculated and
defined through ‘how’ and ‘how much’ the
actor got affected by the costs arose from
possible supply and demand interruptions 3 .
In short, strengthening of energy security
means; the “sensibilities and vulnerabilities”
experienced by an actor becomes surmountable
against the other. Therefore, it
has already been acknowledged – with the
Ukraine crisis and the natural gas flow
turning into a politico-military card in the
hands of Moscow- that energy security is
not only a matter of economic ‘existence’, it
is also about the actor’s political survival
and political stability.
Even if we leave aside the theoretical
descriptions, it is obvious that the current
state of energy security is an “interdependence”
issue, and it is also about “strategic
games with winners and losers”. Moreover,
the story does not end here; because even
two scholars among the most important
representatives of interdependence school,
Nye and Keohane 4 say that issues about
absolute gain and relative gain cannot be
easily distinguishable. Therefore the threat
of using military force is possible even in
energy economics which is an “absolute
gain” area (an area where everyone wins).
HAZAR WORLD
47