Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE The detailed list of the different categories of damage is intended to assist in the assessment of the significance of any damage to individual bridges in ajustifiable and proper manner. Sub-chapters The list has been divided into Ihe fotlowing II sub-chapters which deal with types of damage to different materials and to the usual elements and accessories fou nd on a bridge. 9. 1 Elements in or on Ihe Ground 9.2 Concrete Elements 9.3 Steel Elements 9.4 Masonry Elements 9.5 Timber Elements 9.6 Wearing surfaces/insu lat ion against dampness 9.7 Bearings with bearing shelflbearing shelf 9.8 Joints/joint threshold 9.9 Raili ngs & parapets 9.10 Dra inage system 9. 11 Other items of equipment Each of the above elements are in turn subdivided into the different types of damage - refer to Chapter 5.2 "Types of Damage". The following standard layout should be used <strong>for</strong> each type of damage: Description Ca use of Damage Re leva nt Measu rements/Materials Testing Degree of Damage and the Consequenses Condition w hich trigger Maintenance Works Action to be ta ken Examples Explanation of the damage in question Possible causes of the damage ari sing Measurements /materials testing which ought to be undertaken in order to discover hidden damage, to ascertain its scope and to project future developments and/or propose possible causes of damage. Description of how to evaluate the seriousness and consequences of the particular type of damage. Requirements and recommendations concerning the condition which can trigger maintenance work . A degree of damage':::"2 is requ ired as a minimum. Suggested action needed to fo llow up a damage or repa ir it. Most of the types of damage will be described with illustrat ions.
9.1 Elements in or on the Ground These elements are detailed in Chapler 2.2 'Types of Elelnents', and the following types of damage can be found. Damage 101 Subsidence of ground/embarkments 102 Obstruct ion of waterway 103 ScouringlErosion of river course 104 Inadequate cleaning up/removal procedures 109 Other Iypes of damage/defects Page 13 1 133 135 14 1 143 The above items will now be described more fully.
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
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Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
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3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
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3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
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4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
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4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
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4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
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The site conditions may decide whic
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king load capacity of at least 300
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Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
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When inspecting suspension bridges,
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Suspended Working Platform Also sus
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5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
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207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
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501 Settlement of timber element
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809 Olher damage to the drain syste
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These effects are presented in orde
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The Development o f Damage It is im
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Whatever types of damage are observ
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5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
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49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
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6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
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o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
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6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
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Stone Elements • Serious settleme
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Parapets * Deformation due to traff
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• Damage to slope protection •
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• Cracks in timber members • Sp
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• Discoloration • Loose or lack
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load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
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* Damage to the surface treatment F
Page 80 and 81: Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
Page 82 and 83: 6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
Page 84 and 85: 7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
Page 86 and 87: All the measurements and materials
Page 88 and 89: Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
Page 90 and 91: Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
Page 92 and 93: grouting gun pushed all the way to
Page 94 and 95: 7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
Page 96 and 97: * The density of the concrete in re
Page 98 and 99: Any dust should be extracted using
Page 100 and 101: Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
Page 102 and 103: • Homogeneity of the binding agen
Page 104 and 105: Procedures In most cases it is suff
Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
Page 108 and 109: " ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
Page 112 and 113: The sound waves can be transmitted
Page 114 and 115: Procedures The compress ive strengt
Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
Page 120 and 121: After carrying out a major inspecti
Page 122 and 123: 4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
Page 124 and 125: 8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
Page 126 and 127: Drilling cores In this instance an
Page 128 and 129: ECP-Measurements For the presentati
Page 132 and 133: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
Page 134 and 135: 102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
Page 136 and 137: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
Page 138 and 139: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
Page 140 and 141: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
Page 142 and 143: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
Page 144: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
Page 149 and 150: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
Page 151 and 152: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
Page 153 and 154: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
Page 155 and 156: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
Page 161 and 162: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
Page 163 and 164: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
Page 165 and 166: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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