Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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• Discoloration • Loose or lack ing bolts or parts • Unsati sfactory connection of posts • Proper repairs or reinforcements performed • Height in accordance with current regulations • Ends and transitions to road railing in accordance with current regulations • General cleaning. Drain Pipes and Outlets Pipes and Cables Other Equipment • Pipes and sand traps are open • Top at corrcct level • Scaling around pipes • Offspring underneath structures suffi cient to reduce risk of wet ting elements underneath • Defects to pipes such as cracks, corrosion, etc. • Suspension of drain pipes • Sealing of joints. • Damage to fittings • Damage to insulation • Leakage of water or sewage pipes • Unused pipes and cables that may be removed. • Special checklists to be issued for a particular bridge. o Figul'e 6.4-9 Corrosion of Draill System Handbook for Bridge Inspections 73
6.5 Major Inspection of Cables 6.5.1 Objective and Scope Inspections incorporate a visual inspection of the load-bearing cables, suspension rods and retaining elements so as to ensure these are fulfi lli ng their funct ion. Where necessary measurements and examination of materials should be undertaken to supplement the visual check and act as a basis for evaluating possible fu ture damage and wear. See Table 7. 1-1 and Chapter 7.2 It is recommended that a special inspection is carried out whenever the main cable inspection reveals the need for repairs or this latter inspection has not been suffic ien tly thorough in order to determine the kind of damage, its consequences, extent or cause. Refer to Chapter 6. 7 ~ Special Inspections. It should be stated which measurements! materials inspections are to be carried out, their scope and location. See Chapter 8.2 for submitting the relevant reports. 6.5.2 Visual Inspections Visual inspections should be of the close type as detailed in Chapter 6.4.2 for main inspections. This involves carrying out a closc visual inspection of all cables from anchorage to anchorage and around the entire cross-section, and of both the upper and lower suspension rods and the suspension rod clamps. In special circumstances this special requirement can be departed from if one can with certainty detect anticipated damage from a longer distance. Thi s can be the case with clearly visible lengths of cable or suspension rods. In such cases representative sections should be selected fo r closer visual inspection whi lst the remaining areas can be inspected from greater distances. C haracteristical ly serious damage should be ill u strated in photographs or sketches. Access equipment should be used as required so that one can reach the prescribed measuring distance. Refer to C hapter 4 .2 - Access Equipment. A bridge should be inspected in such a way that a ll its elements are systematically checked. Cables, anchorages, towers and suspension rods should be marked with a number which conforms with the system for parts location as detai led in Chapter 2.4.3. Individual elements are to be checked for damage, defects and fau lts during a visual inspection as listed below. Please refer to Chapter 9 - Damage Evaluation Catalogue 74 Handbook for Bridge Inspect ions
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
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Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
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3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
Page 24 and 25: 3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
Page 26 and 27: 4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
Page 28 and 29: 4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
Page 30 and 31: 4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
Page 32 and 33: The site conditions may decide whic
Page 34 and 35: king load capacity of at least 300
Page 36 and 37: Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
Page 38 and 39: When inspecting suspension bridges,
Page 40 and 41: Suspended Working Platform Also sus
Page 42 and 43: 5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
Page 44 and 45: 207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
Page 46 and 47: 501 Settlement of timber element
Page 48 and 49: 809 Olher damage to the drain syste
Page 50 and 51: These effects are presented in orde
Page 52 and 53: The Development o f Damage It is im
Page 54 and 55: Whatever types of damage are observ
Page 56 and 57: 5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
Page 58 and 59: 49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
Page 60 and 61: 6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
Page 62 and 63: o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
Page 64 and 65: 6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
Page 66 and 67: Stone Elements • Serious settleme
Page 68 and 69: Parapets * Deformation due to traff
Page 70 and 71: • Damage to slope protection •
Page 72 and 73: • Cracks in timber members • Sp
Page 76 and 77: load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
Page 78 and 79: * Damage to the surface treatment F
Page 80 and 81: Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
Page 82 and 83: 6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
Page 84 and 85: 7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
Page 86 and 87: All the measurements and materials
Page 88 and 89: Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
Page 90 and 91: Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
Page 92 and 93: grouting gun pushed all the way to
Page 94 and 95: 7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
Page 96 and 97: * The density of the concrete in re
Page 98 and 99: Any dust should be extracted using
Page 100 and 101: Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
Page 102 and 103: • Homogeneity of the binding agen
Page 104 and 105: Procedures In most cases it is suff
Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
Page 108 and 109: " ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
Page 112 and 113: The sound waves can be transmitted
Page 114 and 115: Procedures The compress ive strengt
Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
Page 120 and 121: After carrying out a major inspecti
Page 122 and 123: 4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
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8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
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Drilling cores In this instance an
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ECP-Measurements For the presentati
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9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
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102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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