Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Plastic Settlement Crack ~~~?f ./ T " A ( If Crazing (ratk Caused by Reaction to Alkali Crack Caused by Thermal COlltraction (Heat During the Curing Process) Crack caused by ther al contraction eat un"g! ecurin9Process",,) ... ",~~ Plastic Settlement Crack Crazing Plastic Settlement Crack Cracks Caused by Corrosion of the Reinforcement Figure showillg examples of differel1l types of c/'Gch 10 be/oulld ill COl/crete bridges. Handbook for Bridge Inspections 155
9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-8 Cracks on the deck of a suspension bridge caused by blocked joints. A total collapse is not anticipated. Refer to Chapter 9.8 for joints. Type of damage: 204 Cracks in Concrete Element Cause of Damage & Consequences: 3C Cause of Damage: 44 Inadequate Maintenance Procedures: Chi selling out the concrete; casting ornew cross beams; installation of tight joints. To be carried oul within one year. Example 9.2-9 Cracks under a bearing whi ch has been sited too near the edge. Type of damage: 204 Cracks in Concrete Element Cause of Damage & Consequences: 4C Cause of Damage: 13 Poor Design Solutions Procedures: Reli eve pressure on the bearing immediately; strengthening the bearing shelfwithin a year. Example 9.2·10 Cracks on a pier caused by a reaction to alkali. The cracks arc up to I mm wide and located in a aggres· sive environment. Type of damage: 204 Cracks in Concrete Element Cause of Damage & Consequences: 3M Cause of Damage: 25 A Ikaline reactive Aggregates Procedures: Joints above the pi er should be sealed \ ... ·ithin 2 years in order to reduce water leakages down on the pIer. 156 Handbook for Bridge Inspect ions
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
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Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
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3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
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3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
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4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
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4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
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4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
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The site conditions may decide whic
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king load capacity of at least 300
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Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
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When inspecting suspension bridges,
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Suspended Working Platform Also sus
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5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
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207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
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501 Settlement of timber element
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809 Olher damage to the drain syste
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These effects are presented in orde
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The Development o f Damage It is im
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Whatever types of damage are observ
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5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
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49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
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6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
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o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
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6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
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Stone Elements • Serious settleme
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Parapets * Deformation due to traff
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• Damage to slope protection •
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• Cracks in timber members • Sp
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• Discoloration • Loose or lack
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load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
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* Damage to the surface treatment F
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Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
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6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
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7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
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All the measurements and materials
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Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
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Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
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grouting gun pushed all the way to
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7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
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* The density of the concrete in re
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Any dust should be extracted using
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Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
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• Homogeneity of the binding agen
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Procedures In most cases it is suff
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Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
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Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
Page 120 and 121: After carrying out a major inspecti
Page 122 and 123: 4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
Page 124 and 125: 8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
Page 126 and 127: Drilling cores In this instance an
Page 128 and 129: ECP-Measurements For the presentati
Page 130 and 131: 9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
Page 132 and 133: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
Page 134 and 135: 102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
Page 136 and 137: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
Page 138 and 139: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
Page 140 and 141: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
Page 142 and 143: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
Page 144: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
Page 149 and 150: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
Page 151 and 152: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
Page 153 and 154: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
Page 155: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
Page 161 and 162: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
Page 163 and 164: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
Page 165 and 166: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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