Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2
Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2
Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2
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49 Other insufficient maintenance<br />
5 Environment<br />
51 Chloride loading<br />
52 Sulphate attack<br />
53 Carbonation impact<br />
54<br />
55<br />
56<br />
57<br />
58<br />
59<br />
Leaching<br />
Frost attack<br />
Abrasion<br />
Biological attack<br />
Chemical attack<br />
Other environmental attacks<br />
accordance with regulations/procedures<br />
• From de-icing salt, sea or other salty source.<br />
• Deterioration due to sulfatic acids or materials<br />
• Reaction between the carbon dioxide in the air<br />
and the lime in the building material.<br />
Reduction of the concrete's ability to protect<br />
the rein<strong>for</strong>cement against corrosion.<br />
• When calcium is washed out of the concrete<br />
and deposits as lime on the surface.<br />
• Freeze/thaw cycles that may cause sl'all ing.<br />
Happens normally with porous conc rete.<br />
• Wearing or grinding away of surface material<br />
by water or traffic<br />
• C.g. fungi, maggots<br />
• e.g. acids etc.<br />
6<br />
61<br />
62<br />
63<br />
64<br />
65<br />
66<br />
67<br />
68<br />
69<br />
7<br />
71<br />
72<br />
73<br />
74<br />
75<br />
76<br />
79<br />
Live Loads<br />
Traffic loads<br />
Soil pressure<br />
Impact from currents<br />
Wind impact<br />
Ice impact<br />
Temperature<br />
Shrinkage/Creeping<br />
Impact from overloads on wearing<br />
surface<br />
Other loadings<br />
Accidents<br />
Vehicular impact damage<br />
Impact caused by vessels<br />
Flooding<br />
Landslide! Avalanche/Rockslides<br />
Explosion<br />
Fire attack<br />
Other accidents<br />
• Damage caused by loads from traffic<br />
• Damage caused by soil pressure<br />
• Damage caused by pressure from flowing<br />
water<br />
• Damage caused by wind pressure.<br />
• Damage caused by ice pressure.<br />
• Damage caused by temperature changes<br />
• Time dependent effects which can result in<br />
cracking (shrinkage) and de<strong>for</strong>mation (creep)<br />
• Damage of wearing surface caused by<br />
overloads.<br />
• Damage daused by vehicles.<br />
• Damage caused by vessels when navigable<br />
water under the bridge.<br />
• Damage caused by flood.<br />
• Damage caused by<br />
landslide/avalanche/rockslides<br />
• Damage caused by explosion<br />
• Damage caused by fire.
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