Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual inspection should be carried out in the same way as for a Major Inspection - see Chapter 6.4.2. Any inspecti ons of the cables or underwater foundations should conform to Chapters 6.5.2 and 6.6.2. 6.3 Generallnspection 6.3.1 Scope A General Inspections encompasses a simple visual check of all elements above water level. As much of the foundati ons below water level should be checked as is possible w ithout employing a diver. In addition, any specia l checks a lready detailed on (he inspection fonn should be carried out. Generally speaking, measurements o r materia ls testing are not required for General Inspections. However, the presence of serious rutting may render measurements necessary to check whether there is a risk of the dampness insulation being perforated. The least that must be recorded during a General Inspection is damage req uiring repair before the next inspection, i.e. in practice damage assessed w ith Degrees of Damage 3 and 4. Refer to Chapter 8.2 for the submission of reports. 6.3.2 Basic General I nspection This is a Basic Visual Inspection without the use of access equipment, i.e. most of the clements of a large bridge w ill have to be inspected at a distance. Neverthe less, binoculars should be used should certain details require to be looked at more closely. Underwater binoculars may be of assistance when inspecting items below the surface oftne water. Ground During a Visual Inspection each element should be checked for the presence of serious damage - refer to the list below. For damage assessment please see C hapter 9 Damage Evaluation Catalogue. * Settlement o f the ground undemeath the carriageway up against the abutment piers * Erosion of the embankment around the abutment pi ers due to surface water * More serious underwater damage caused by erosion which can be detected without using a di ver * Damage to embankment retaining walls * Unintentional removal or fi lling up ofloose material in the regi on of the foundations * Damming up of driftwood whi ch reduces the water flow * Unwanted vegetation and trees * Accumulation of combustible material s under the bridge * Damage to piles above the waterline Handbook for Bridge Inspections 63
• Damage to permanent pi lewalls above the water level Figure 6.3-1: AcculI1ulation of Twigs and piecesofrree Figure 6.3-2: End Section of a Cross-Beam showing broken off concrete Concrete Elements Steel Elements • Serious sett lement, movement and deformation • Spalli ng, broken off parts or other damage caused by traffic im pact • Discoloration of concrete surfaces due to water or graffi ti • Unwanted vegetation • Fonnwork or stays which have not been removed • General cleaning • Serious sett lement, movement and deformation • Defonnation, cracks or breaks caused by tra ffic impact '" Discoloration due to leaks/dampness impact or graffiti '" General cleaning D Figure 6.3-3: Broken Sleel Girder 64 Handbook for Bridge Inspect ions
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
Page 13 and 14: 1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
Page 16 and 17: 2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
Page 18 and 19: Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
Page 22 and 23: 3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
Page 24 and 25: 3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
Page 26 and 27: 4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
Page 28 and 29: 4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
Page 30 and 31: 4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
Page 32 and 33: The site conditions may decide whic
Page 34 and 35: king load capacity of at least 300
Page 36 and 37: Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
Page 38 and 39: When inspecting suspension bridges,
Page 40 and 41: Suspended Working Platform Also sus
Page 42 and 43: 5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
Page 44 and 45: 207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
Page 46 and 47: 501 Settlement of timber element
Page 48 and 49: 809 Olher damage to the drain syste
Page 50 and 51: These effects are presented in orde
Page 52 and 53: The Development o f Damage It is im
Page 54 and 55: Whatever types of damage are observ
Page 56 and 57: 5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
Page 58 and 59: 49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
Page 60 and 61: 6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
Page 62 and 63: o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
Page 66 and 67: Stone Elements • Serious settleme
Page 68 and 69: Parapets * Deformation due to traff
Page 70 and 71: • Damage to slope protection •
Page 72 and 73: • Cracks in timber members • Sp
Page 74 and 75: • Discoloration • Loose or lack
Page 76 and 77: load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
Page 78 and 79: * Damage to the surface treatment F
Page 80 and 81: Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
Page 82 and 83: 6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
Page 84 and 85: 7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
Page 86 and 87: All the measurements and materials
Page 88 and 89: Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
Page 90 and 91: Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
Page 92 and 93: grouting gun pushed all the way to
Page 94 and 95: 7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
Page 96 and 97: * The density of the concrete in re
Page 98 and 99: Any dust should be extracted using
Page 100 and 101: Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
Page 102 and 103: • Homogeneity of the binding agen
Page 104 and 105: Procedures In most cases it is suff
Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
Page 108 and 109: " ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
Page 112 and 113: The sound waves can be transmitted
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Procedures The compress ive strengt
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Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
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8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
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After carrying out a major inspecti
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4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
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8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
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Drilling cores In this instance an
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ECP-Measurements For the presentati
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9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
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102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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