Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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Example 9.2-20 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Broken cross-beam Of sllspcnsion bridge resulting from blockedjoint . Type of Damage: 205 Ruptures of Concrete El ement Degree of Damage ICon sequences: 3C Cause of Damage: 82 Consequential/Secondary Damage Procedures: Existing cross-beam to be CUi away and replaced within onc year. Exam ple 9.2-21 Broken beam res ulting from a traffic accident. Reduced carrying capaci ty as well as the ri sk of pieces of concrete fall ing off. Type of Damage: 205 Ruptures of Concrete El ement Degree of Damage & Consequences: 4C, 4T Cause of Damage: 71 Vehicular Impaci Damage Procedures: Bridge to be closed to traffi c until repairs effected. Example 9.2-22 Broken ba llast wall due to movement in an abut ment caused by ground prcssurc. Type of Damage: 205 Rupture of Concrete Element Degree of Damage & Consequences: 2M Causc ofDamagc: 62 Soi I Pressure 82 Consequential/Secondary Damage Pr ocedures: Replace with lighter in fi ll materials (EPS) and effect repairs to the ballast wall within 5 years. Handbook for Bri dge Inspect ions 161
9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to Concrete Surface Treatment Descri ption Damage to the surface treatment of concrete bridge elements, i.c. water repellent impregnation, painting/coating, whitewashing/pore filling. Flaking, cracking, bli stering, and discoloration can be incl uded here; additionally, the surface treatment might not fu lftl lhe required in-service standards. Surface treatment applied to concrete must be able to protect the concrete from environmental impacts and improve its general appearance. Cause of Damage • Design Fault - incorrect type of surface treatment chosen. • Material Fault - incorrect type of surface treatment applied. • Construction Fault - poor pre-treatment of the surface, or the material was appl ied during damp or cold weather. • Insufficient operation/maintenance of the surface treatment. • Environmental impacts - a hosti le environment can break down the surface treatment faster than expected • In-service damage - regul ar wear and tear. Possible Materials Testing • Thickness of the surface treatment • Adhesion between the surface layer and concrete. • Impregnation depth to concrete of repellent impregnation. • Measuring chloride content and depth of carbonisation. Degree of Damage/Consequences All types of surface treatment gradually become broken down by the environmental influence. The degree of damage a ll ocated shall reflect the time remaining before the surface treatment requires renewal, i.e. before it loses its protective properties. Damage to the surface treatment wi ll affect maintenance costs and result in increased chl oride penetration and speed of development of carbonisation. These last two items can, in addition, lead to corrosion of the reinforcement and to spalling. 162 Handbook for Bridge Inspections
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
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Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
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3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
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3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
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4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
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4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
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4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
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The site conditions may decide whic
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king load capacity of at least 300
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Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
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When inspecting suspension bridges,
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Suspended Working Platform Also sus
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5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
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207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
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501 Settlement of timber element
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809 Olher damage to the drain syste
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These effects are presented in orde
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The Development o f Damage It is im
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Whatever types of damage are observ
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5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
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49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
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6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
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o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
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6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
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Stone Elements • Serious settleme
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Parapets * Deformation due to traff
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• Damage to slope protection •
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• Cracks in timber members • Sp
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• Discoloration • Loose or lack
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load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
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* Damage to the surface treatment F
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Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
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6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
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7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
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All the measurements and materials
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Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
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Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
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grouting gun pushed all the way to
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7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
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* The density of the concrete in re
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Any dust should be extracted using
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Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
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• Homogeneity of the binding agen
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Procedures In most cases it is suff
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Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
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" ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
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Superstructure Surfaces most expose
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Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
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Page 122 and 123: 4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
Page 124 and 125: 8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
Page 126 and 127: Drilling cores In this instance an
Page 128 and 129: ECP-Measurements For the presentati
Page 130 and 131: 9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
Page 132 and 133: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
Page 134 and 135: 102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
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Page 138 and 139: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
Page 140 and 141: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
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Page 147 and 148: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
Page 149 and 150: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
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Page 153 and 154: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
Page 155 and 156: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
Page 161: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
Page 165 and 166: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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