Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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• Damage to slope protection • Damage to piles above water • Damage to pennanent sheet piling above water • Un planned removal or deposition offill material in the vicinity of foundations • Accumulation of waste etc. restricting the water flow • Excessive vegetation, trees etc. • Accumulation of combustible materials underneath bridges. Concrete Elements Steel Ele me nts • Settlement or movement of abutments, supports, superstructures etc. • Deformation of superstructure or other element due to differenti al settlement, excessive load or defomlation of scaffolding during construction. • Cracks and possible leakage through these. (It should be eonsi dered to register crack-widths and crack patterns). Special con sideration should be given to check anchorage zones of prest res si ng cables for cracks. * Defect to surface treatment • Discoloration of concrete surfaces due to leakage or graffiti. • Reduced or damaged concrete cover with possible future corro sion damage in mind (carbonisation, ch lorides, binding wire, di stance holders etc.) • Disintegration due to frost or weathering • Pouring defects or areas with obviously bad workmanship, areas with possible penetration of mo isture, pores in the surface etc. • Lack of adhesion and/or spalling of structural concrete, integral ly cast concrete, repaired areas, casting joints, prestressing anc horages, etc. • Spall ing, failure or other damage due to coll ision * Visible reinforcement bars or spall ing due to corrosion or woo den pieces cast into the concrete etc. • Obvious reinforcement corrosion or signs of ongoing corrosion processes shown by cracking along the outermost reinforcement bars or rust staining. * Satisfactory concreting around prestressing cable anchorages • Excessive vegetation, trees etc. • Scaffolding or ties left in place, etc • The general state of cleaning o f the considered element. • Deformation of superstructure or other elements due to differen tia l settlement of foundations, excessive load or col lision. • Relative movements of superstructure or other elements • Cracks or fa il ure in base material, welds, bolts or rivets • Defects in corrosion protection system (paint, galvanising, coa ting) and possible corrosion. The connection area between cone rete and steel is especially vulnerable. The same appli es to the upper flanges supporting wooden roadways. • Discoloration due to leakage or graffiti Handbook for Bridge Inspections 69
= Figure 6.4-2 Reinforcement CorrosiOI/ 011(/ Spallil1g o Figllre 6.4-3 DeJeels oil/he Coating Sysrem wilh CorrosiOIl '" Loose bolts or rivets '" Missing bolts or ri vets '" Wear and tear between elements due to movements in_ the bridge '" Detai ls and profiles with accumulation of dirt and mo:isture '" General cleaning orthe element. Stone Elements '" Settl ements or movements of abutments and supports , '" Defonnation of stone arches, etc. • Split masonry stones '" Leakage and moisture through abutments, arches etc. • Discoloration due to leakage or graffiti '" D isplaced masonry stones '" Lac king masonry stones '" Scouring or disintegrati on of mortar in joints '" Excessive vegetation, trees etc. • General cleaning. Figure 6.4-4 Cracks ill Stolles Timber Elements • Settl ements or movements of wooden supports, etc. • Defonnation in wooden sllperstmctures, etc. 70 Handbook f or Bridge Inspections
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
Page 22 and 23: 3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
Page 24 and 25: 3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
Page 26 and 27: 4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
Page 28 and 29: 4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
Page 30 and 31: 4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
Page 32 and 33: The site conditions may decide whic
Page 34 and 35: king load capacity of at least 300
Page 36 and 37: Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
Page 38 and 39: When inspecting suspension bridges,
Page 40 and 41: Suspended Working Platform Also sus
Page 42 and 43: 5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
Page 44 and 45: 207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
Page 46 and 47: 501 Settlement of timber element
Page 48 and 49: 809 Olher damage to the drain syste
Page 50 and 51: These effects are presented in orde
Page 52 and 53: The Development o f Damage It is im
Page 54 and 55: Whatever types of damage are observ
Page 56 and 57: 5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
Page 58 and 59: 49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
Page 60 and 61: 6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
Page 62 and 63: o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
Page 64 and 65: 6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
Page 66 and 67: Stone Elements • Serious settleme
Page 68 and 69: Parapets * Deformation due to traff
Page 72 and 73: • Cracks in timber members • Sp
Page 74 and 75: • Discoloration • Loose or lack
Page 76 and 77: load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
Page 78 and 79: * Damage to the surface treatment F
Page 80 and 81: Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
Page 82 and 83: 6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
Page 84 and 85: 7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
Page 86 and 87: All the measurements and materials
Page 88 and 89: Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
Page 90 and 91: Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
Page 92 and 93: grouting gun pushed all the way to
Page 94 and 95: 7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
Page 96 and 97: * The density of the concrete in re
Page 98 and 99: Any dust should be extracted using
Page 100 and 101: Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
Page 102 and 103: • Homogeneity of the binding agen
Page 104 and 105: Procedures In most cases it is suff
Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
Page 108 and 109: " ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
Page 112 and 113: The sound waves can be transmitted
Page 114 and 115: Procedures The compress ive strengt
Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
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After carrying out a major inspecti
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4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
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8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
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Drilling cores In this instance an
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ECP-Measurements For the presentati
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9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
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102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
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9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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