Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Conditions which trigger Maintenance When deformation has lead to too Iowa carrying capacity measures must be taken immediately. Action should also be taken when deformat ion spoils the appearance of a bridge. Procedures: * Jacking up and adjustment of the bearings (continuous span bridges) * Removal of unwanted loads such as asphalt * Strengthening or reconstruction * Replacement of elements Example 9.2-5 Deflection ofa cantili vered slab due to insufficie nt reinforcement/incorrectly installed reinforcement. Type of Damage: 203 Deformat ion of Concrete Elemen ts Degree of Damage & Consequences: 3C Cause of Damage: 12 Erroneous calculations Procedures: Strengthening within one year Example 9.2-6 Bowing ora column caused by fonnwork left behind after completion,resulting in an increase of the ground pressure on the column. Type of Damage: 203 Deformation of Concrete Element Degree of Damage & Consequences: 3C Cause of Damage: 38 Construction fault 62 Soil Pressure Procedures: Strengthening of the columns and replacement of materi als with lighter ones (E PS) within one year. Handbook for Bri dge Inspections 151
9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-7 Deformation caused by settlement of the scaffolding during the construction phase; this was subsequent ly levelled off with asphalt. Type of Damage: 203 Defomlation of Concrete Element Degree of Damage & Consequences: I B Cause of Damage: 31 Settl ement of scaffold ing Procedu res: None 152 Handbook for Bridge Inspect ions
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Norwegian Public Roads Administrati
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Copyright Copyright © 2000-01-1 2
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Foreword Inspections of hridges are
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5.4 Damage Eva luation 5.4.1 Primar
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9.3.8 9.3.9 9.3. 10 9.3. 11 9.4 Sto
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1. Inspection of Bridges Guidel ine
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2 TERMINOLOGY Location System 2.1 T
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Hangers / ® ® 23456189 Suspension
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Figure 2. 1-9: Example of a Reflecl
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3 Planning of Inspection Planning P
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3.5 Inspection Resources and Safety
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4. Inspection Tools & Access Equipm
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4.1.3 Inspection Tools for General
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4.1 .5 Inspection Tools for Special
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The site conditions may decide whic
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king load capacity of at least 300
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Work Diagram for Bridge Lift ,....
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When inspecting suspension bridges,
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Suspended Working Platform Also sus
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5 Damage Evaluation Fundamentals 5.
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207 Leakage/dampness of concrete el
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501 Settlement of timber element
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809 Olher damage to the drain syste
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These effects are presented in orde
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The Development o f Damage It is im
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Whatever types of damage are observ
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5.6 Cause(s) of Damage The most com
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49 Other insufficient maintenance 5
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6 Carrying out Inspections Ba sis o
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o Fig ure 6.1- 1: Honeycombing * Ho
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6.2.2 Visual Checking The visual in
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Stone Elements • Serious settleme
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Parapets * Deformation due to traff
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• Damage to slope protection •
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• Cracks in timber members • Sp
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• Discoloration • Loose or lack
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load Bearing Cables • Broken stra
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* Damage to the surface treatment F
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Stone Elements Steel Elements Timbe
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6.8 Maintenance Measures - Extent o
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7 Surveys, Materials Tests & Instru
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All the measurements and materials
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Procedures Scope Equipment The thi
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Procedures Scope Sag is measured us
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grouting gun pushed all the way to
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7.3.2 Measuring the Depth of Carbon
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* The density of the concrete in re
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Any dust should be extracted using
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Completion Surveys & Major Inspecti
Page 102 and 103: • Homogeneity of the binding agen
Page 104 and 105: Procedures In most cases it is suff
Page 106 and 107: Figure 7.3-17 E.wmpleQJRlIsl Level
Page 108 and 109: " ~ ~ ~ • E E u B ~ ~ u '" ~ 0
Page 110 and 111: Superstructure Surfaces most expose
Page 112 and 113: The sound waves can be transmitted
Page 114 and 115: Procedures The compress ive strengt
Page 116 and 117: Figllre 7.7-2: Thicklless ofSllrfac
Page 118 and 119: 8 Reporting the Results of Inspecti
Page 120 and 121: After carrying out a major inspecti
Page 122 and 123: 4.5 Statistical Background 4.6 Subm
Page 124 and 125: 8.5 Materials Testing As with measu
Page 126 and 127: Drilling cores In this instance an
Page 128 and 129: ECP-Measurements For the presentati
Page 130 and 131: 9 DAMAGE EVALU ATION CATALOGUE Th
Page 132 and 133: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 101. Sub
Page 134 and 135: 102. Obstruction of Waterway 9.1 EL
Page 136 and 137: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 103. Sco
Page 138 and 139: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Original
Page 140 and 141: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND Example
Page 142 and 143: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 104. Ina
Page 144: 9.1 ELEMENTS IN THE GROUND 109. Oth
Page 147 and 148: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 201 Settlemen
Page 149 and 150: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 202 Movement
Page 151: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 203 Deformati
Page 155 and 156: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Serious crack
Page 157 and 158: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS Example 9.2-8
Page 161 and 162: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 205 Ruptures
Page 163 and 164: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 206 Damage to
Page 165 and 166: 9.2 CONCRETE ELEMENTS 207 LeakagesJ
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Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

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