Handbook for Bridge Inspections - TSP2

Cause of Damage
I
Faulty Design
11 lncorrect choice of materials
12 Erroneous calculations
13 Poor design solutions
14 Deviation from standards
15 Inadequate regulations
19 Other fau hy design
2 Material DamagelDefect
21 Poor material composition
22 Inadequate strength
23 Delamination
24 Chloride introduced during mixing
process
25 Alkaline reactive aggregates
29 Other material defects
3 Faulty Construction
31 Settlement of scaffolding
32 Incorrectly placed reinforcement
33 Faulty concreting
34 Insufficient finishing
35 Inadequate curing procedures
36 Premature loading
37 Installation fault
39 Other faulty construction
4 Insufficient Maintenance
41 Excessive vegetation
42 Insufficient removal of ice
43 Untimely application of protective
measure
44 Inadequate maintenance
• Wrong materials selected.
• improper or wrong calculations.
• Poor design with regards to maintenance
• i.e. those in force when the bridge was
constructed.
• e.g. coastal bridges which have been
constructed according to the regulations laid
down for inland bridges
• Wrong or improper compositions of materials
or incorrect concrete mix
• Can be like: Poor quality of materials in
taking compression, less tension capacity than
expected, less shear capacity etc ..
• Separation of material into layers.
• Chlorides from aggregates or additives during
the mixing of concrete.
• Aggregate containing alkal ine minerals
• Vertical movement of scaffolding.
• Reinforcement not located within the
limitations of tolerance.
• Wrong vibration, to dense reinforcement, etc.
• The surface is not in accordance with
requirements.
• Lack of or poor curing lead ing to cracks,
improper quality etc ..
• Loading before concrete has achieved
required strength.
• Improper installation of a component
• Vegetation growth in river course that can
obstruct the waterway
• Lack of or improper removal of ice
• Incorrcct protection of material
• Maintenance work not carried out in