December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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Utah Native Plant Society All of the species discussed so far are common plants that were included in seed bank studies in order to understand their establishment ecology, rather than to provide seed bank data to inform PVA. There are very few long-term seed retrieval studies for rare plants. The Snake River Plains endemic Lepidium papilliferum is one of the few rare species whose seed bank dynamics have been included in PVA (Meyer et al. 2005, 2006). This spring ephemeral species has cue non-responsive seeds that show the characteristic linear decrease as a function of time in the proportion of initially viable seeds remaining in the seed bank (Figure 7; Meyer et al. 2005). There was little or no germination during the first two years of this eleven-year retrieval study, so that at least three years of retrieval data would have been needed to estimate the slope of seed bank depletion. The maximum longevity in soil for two seed collections included in the study was estimated to be 12 years. Seeds of this species can be induced to germinate by piercing imbibed seeds and subjecting them to 2-4 weeks of moist chilling. Development of this technique has facilitated greenhouse production of seeds for reintroduction experiments, but seems to shed little light on how the seeds gradually become nondormant in the field. Rare plants can be expected to have seeds that run the gamut of germination response patterns and associated seed bank depletion trajectories. As discussed above, it is frequently important to investigate this aspect of rare plant population biology, especially when the goal is to understand the likely future status for a population or species. The information obtained from seed bank studies can also be critical for planning management and mitigation activities. % OF INITIALLY VIABLE SEEDS 100 80 60 40 20 0 100 80 60 40 20 0 1991 SEEDS 8/92 8/93 8/94 8/95 8/96 8/97 8/98 8/99 8/2000 8/2001 8/2002 8/2003 1992 SEEDS DORMANT DORMANT PLUS GERMINABLE DORMANT PLUS GERMINABLE PLUS GERMINATED TOTAL I NITIALLY VIABLE 8/92 8/93 8/94 8/95 8/96 8/97 8/98 8/99 8/2000 8/2001 8/2002 8/2003 DATE Figure 7. Patterns of change through time in dormant seed percentage, dormant plus germinable seed percentage, and viable plus germinated seed percentage over an eleven-year period in a seed retrieval experiment with two collections of Lepidium papilliferum. The difference between viable plus germinated seed percentage and initially viable seed percentage represents seeds that lost viability prior to germinating. Adapted from Meyer and others (2005). 54
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 LITERATURE CITED Baskin, J.M., and C.C. Baskin. 1985. The annual cycle in buried weed seeds: a continuum. BioScience 35:492-998. Beissinger, S.R and D.R. McCullough (eds). 2002. Population Viability Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. 577 p. Brigham, C.A, and M.W. Schwartz, eds. 2003. Population viability in plants. Conservation, management and modeling of rare plants. Ecological Studies, Vol.165. Springer, Berlin. 362 p. Doak, D.F., D. Thompson, and E.S. Jules. 2002. Population viability analysis for plants: understanding the demographic consequences of seed banks for population health. p.312-337. In: Beissinger, S. R and D. R. McCullough (eds). Population Viability Analysis. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Garvin, S.C., and S.E. Meyer. 2003. Multiple mechanisms of seed dormancy regulation in shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia: Chenopodiaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 81:301-610. Ishikawa-Goto, M., and S. Tsuyuzaki. 2004. Methods of estimating seed banks with reference to longterm seed burial. Journal of Plant Research 117: 245- 248. Keeley, J.E. 1987. Role of fire in seed germination of woody taxa in California chaparral. Ecology 68: 434- 443. Meyer, S.E., J. Beckstead, P.S. Allen, and H. Pullman. 1995. Germination ecophysiology of Leymus cinereus (Poaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 156: 206-215. Meyer, S.E., S.L. Carlson, and S.C. Garvin. 1998. Seed germination regulation and field seed bank carryover in shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia: Chenopodiaceae). Journal of Arid Environments 38: 255-267. Meyer, S.E. and S.G. Kitchen. 1994. Life history variation in blue flax (Linum perenne: Linaceae): Seed germination phenology. American Journal of Botany 81: 528-535. Meyer, S.E. and B.K. Pendleton. 2005. Factors affecting seed germination and seedling establishment of a long-lived desert shrub (Coleogyne ramosissima: Rosaceae). Plant Ecology 178:171–187. Meyer, S.E., D. Quinney, D.L. Nelson, and J. Weaver. 2007. Impact of the pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda on Bromus tectorum seedbank dynamics in North American cold deserts. Weed Research 47: 54– 62. Meyer , S.E, D. Quinney, and J. Weaver. 2005. A life history study of the Snake River Plains endemic Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae). Western North American Naturalist 65:11-23. Meyer, S.E., D. Quinney, and J. Weaver. 2006. A stochastic population model for Lepidium papilliferum (Brassicaceae), a rare desert ephemeral with a persistent seed bank. American Journal of Botany. 93: 891–902. 55
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December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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