December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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Utah Native Plant Society “escape route” (Grabherr et al. 1995; Halloy and Mark 2003). Perhaps this can be attributed to unusual features of plant endemism in the western United States in general and, more specifically, in the Intermountain West. Kruckeberg (1986) reformulated earlier works characterizing the processes of soil formation and vegetation development (Jenny 1941; Major 1951) to account for plant diversity in any region. He noted that topography, parent material, and the timing of geological processes or events created a patchiness or discontinuity of edaphic phenomena that creates additional opportunity for biological discontinuity. i.e., speciation. He termed endemic taxa that result from this process “geoedaphics” (Kruckeberg 1986). Rajakaruna (2004) provided a review that emphasized the role that unusual soil conditions play in the diversification of plant species. Although Kruckeberg (1986) emphasized the role of bedrock (and especially serpentine) outcrops in the evolution of geoedaphics, in an earlier paper Kruckeberg and Rabinowitz (1985), cast a broader net with respect to narrowly distributed endemics (sensu Mason 1946a,b), noting that unique taxa associated with “gypsum, serpentine, limestone, alkaline and heavy metal soils are well known to field botanists in many parts of the world.” While few, if any, serpentine outcrops are known from the Great Basin in Nevada, the Calcareous Mountains Section of the Intermountain region, which lies primarily in the eastern half of Nevada and adjacent southwestern Utah, is recognized as the richest area of the Great Basin for plant endemism (Holmgren1972a). Elsewhere, examples of Great Basin plants restricted to exposures of carbonate bedrock are Figure 2. Elevation ranges of reported localities of the 33 rarest plants (NatureServe G1, G1G2, and T1 ranks) in the Great Basin of Nevada. The rectangles in each box-and-whisker plot show the 50 percent of the populations that occur between the 25 th and 75 th percentiles and the median elevation. Species are ranked by median elevation. Circles indicate plants known from only a single site. Shading shows plants endemic to Nevada. 94
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 Table 1. Rare Plant Taxa in the Great Basin of Nevada Assessed for Vulnerability to Climate Change. Taxon No. of Pop’s a 95 Life Form b High Elevation Endemics (n=9) Habitat(s) Polemonium chartaceum H. Mason 1 (6) pf Rocky slopes, talus, fellfields Eriogonum holmgrenii Reveal 4 pf Quartzite/limestone outcrops, slopes, ridges Draba serpentina (Tiehm & P. Holmgren) Al- Shehbaz & Windham 4 pf Quartzite slopes and cliffs Penstemon rhizomatosus N.H. Holmgren 6 pf Limestone talus and cliffs Cymopterus goodrichii Welsh & Neese 7 pf Quartzite and limestone talus Boechera ophira (Rollins) Al-Shehbaz 13 pf Steep slate or limestone scree/talus Ipomopsis congesta (Hook.) V.E. Grant var. nevadensis (Tidestr.) Tiehm 1 pf Carbonate-derived soils or scree? Potentilla cottamii N.H. Holmgren 2 (2) pf Quartzite cracks and crevices Primula capillaris N.H. Holmgren & A. Holmgren 4 pf Moist meadows in glacial till Montane Endemics (n=10) Viola lithion N.H. Holmgren & P.K. Holmgren 5 pf Limestone/dolomite cracks, crevices, ledges Penstemon moriahensis N.H. Holmgren 8 pf Gravelly and/or silty carbonate soils Penstemon tiehmii N.H. Holmgren 3 pf Soil pockets on steep volcanic talus/scree Penstemon pudicus Reveal & Beatley 6 pf Volcanic rocky soils, crevices, boulder piles Lewisia maguirei A.H. Holmgren 8 ge Carbonate scree/shallow soils steep slopes/ ridges Tonestus graniticus (Tiehm & L.M. Shultz) G.L. Nesom & D. Morgan 1 pf Granite cliffs and outcrops Collomia renacta E. Joyal 2 an Volcanic lithosols Eriogonum microthecum Nutt. var. arceuthinum Reveal Trifolium andinum Nutt. var. podocephalum Barneby 2 pf Tuffaceous knolls, bluffs, and rocky flats 1 pf Tuffaceous bluffs and soils Eriogonum douglasii Benth. var. elkoense Reveal 1 pf Sandy to gravelly flats and slopes Valley Endemics (n=14) Eriogonum tiehmii Reveal 6 pf Rocky clays derived from mixed sedimentary rock Castilleja salsuginosa N.H. Holmgren 2 pf Seasonally moist alkaline clays/siliceous geothermal sinter Penstemon floribundus D. Danley 8 pf Volcanic talus, slopes, or colluvium Johanneshowellii crateriorum Reveal 7 an Sandy pumice flats and slopes
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December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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