December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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Utah Native Plant Society Sivinski, R.C. 2003. Annotated checklist of the genus Allium (Liliaceae) in New Mexico. The New Mexico Botanist 27: 1-6. Watson, S. 1871, U. S. Geol, Expl. 40 th Par. 487, pl 38, fig 8,9. Watson, S. 1882. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 380. White, S.D. 2005. Status review: Allium parishii Watson. Crossosoma 30: 5-16. APPENDIX 1 All voucher specimens are deposited at Arizona State University (ASU). Figure 18. Map of Allium bigelovii and A. parishii showing distributional proximity in Mohave County, Arizona. maps and figures. Christine Bates, Karen Reichhardt, and Dick Zeller provided field assistance. Dr. D. Mc- Neal, Dr. D. Pinkava, and Mr. R. Sivinski reviewed the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, J.L. 1996. Floristic patterns on late Tertiary lacustrine deposits in the Arizona Sonoran Desert. Madrono 43: 255-272. Kearney, T.H. and R.H. Peebles. 1960. Arizona Flora, second edition, with supplement, by J.T. Howell and E. McClintock. Univ. of Calif. Press, Berkeley, CA. McNeal, D.W. and T.D. Jacobsen. 2002. Allium. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee, eds. 1993+. Flora of North America North of Mexico. 12+ vols. New York and Oxford. Vol. 26: 224-261. Nations, J.D., R.H. Hevley, D.W. Blinn, and J.J. Landye. 1982. Location and chronology of Tertiary sedimentary deposits in Arizona: a review. Pp. 107-122 in RV. Ingersoll and M. O. Woodburne (eds.), Cenozoic nonmarine deposits of California and Arizona. Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists. Otton, J.K. 1981. Geology and enesis of the Anderson mine, a carbonaceous lacustrine uranium deposit, western Arizona: a summary report. U. S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 81-780. Ownbey, M. 1947. The genus Allium in Arizona. Research Studies of the State College of Washington 15:211-232. Allium bigelovii S. Wats. Arizona: Yavapai Co.: Anderson Mine site, late Tertiary lacustrine outcrop; with Canotia holocantha, Ambrosia dumosus, Fouquieria splendens, Nolina bigelovii, Yucca brevifolia, Pleuraphis rigida, Calochortus flexuosus; Tiquilia canescens; Locally common; 12S 0290870 3798207 1945 ft. John L. Anderson 2008-03, Apr 7, 2008. Arizona: Mohave Co.: Burro Creek Cliffrose site, ca 2 miles above Six Mile Crossing of Burro Creek; late Tertiary lacustrine outcrop; with Canotia holocantha, Polygala acanthoclada, Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. junceus, Ziziphus obtusifolia, Calochortus flexuosus, Pleuraphis rigida, Aristida purpurea, Dichelostemma pulchra; Locally common; 12S 0283300 3828471 2436 ft. John L. Anderson 2008-07, Apr 24, 2008. Allium parishii S. Wats. Arizona: La Paz Co.: Kofa Mts., High Tank Seven side canyon off of Burro Canyon; north-facing andesite hillside; with Simmondsia chinensis, Bernardia incana, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Fouquieria splendens, Ephedra aspera, Canotia holocantha, Viguieria deltoides, Acacia greggii, Krameria grayi, Gallium stellatum, Xylorhiza tortifolia, Pleuraphis rigida, Stipa speciosa, Calochortus kennedyi, Dichelostemma pulchra, Opuntia chlorotica, Agave desertii; uncommon (ca 50 plants on one acre surveyed); 11S 0777891 3698772 2788 ft. John L. Anderson 2008-04, Apr 17, 2008. Arizona: Mohave Co.: Mohave Mts., side canyon with Scotts Well, ca ½ miles NE of Scotts Well; north-facing granite hillside; with Canotia holocantha, Nolina bigelovii, Eriogonum fasciculatum, Encelia virginensis, Galium stellatum, Acacia greggii, Viguieria deltoides, Lotus rigida, Ephedra aspera, Opuntia acanthacarpa, Thamnosma montana, Janusia gracilis, Xylorhiza tortifolia, Pleuraphis rigida, Stipa speciosa; uncommon (ca 100 plants on ten acres surveyed); 11S 758164 3829072 3220 ft; T14N R 18W S7 NENW; John L. Anderson 2008-05, Apr 23, 2008. 62
Calochortiana December 2012 Number 1 Spatial Patterns of Endemic Plant Species of the Colorado Plateau Crystal M. Krause, Northern Arizona University, Biological Sciences, Flagstaff, AZ Abstract. The Colorado Plateau region supports one of the highest levels of endemism in the United States. Of the 6,800 vascular plants of the region more than 300 are endemic. Endemic species may have a higher risk of extinction due to their restricted geographic range. This risk may be increased with climate change. To better understand the risk to endemics, ecological niche modeling can provide a better understanding of the dynamics of environmental factors on a species range. For the endemics of the Colorado Plateau, a changing climate may modify species range. But underlying factors such as substrate and specialized habitat will also play a role in how a species range may change. The focus of this study is to understand spatial patterns and factors that predict endemism and then model species potential distribution. The Colorado Plateau ecoregion supports one of the highest levels of endemism in North America, ranking in the top three ecoregions on the continent for the total number of endemics in all taxonomic groups (Ricketts et al 1999). The Colorado Plateau also has the highest rate of endemism in terms of actual numbers of species (Kartesz and Farsted 1999). The harsh, dry environment of the Colorado Plateau has historically placed intense environmental stress on the flora. Factors such as soil, climate, and water scarcity among others seem to limit the geographic range of many species. More than 300 species of vascular plants on the Colorado Plateau are endemic. Many of the endemic plant species are edaphic endemics restricted to one soil type, but larger geographic patterns of plant endemism can also be seen in the Colorado Plateau’s “sky island” habitats. Other important areas are those below 2000m; these lower elevations have a greater number of endemics than higher elevations (Welsh 1978). The Colorado Plateau contains 122,805,655 acres of land, of these 3,622,942 acres (3 percent) are protected lands in National Parks and Monuments, another 64,748,735 acres (52 percent) are federally owned (Figure 1). Land ownership is also unique for the Plateau with the third most federally controlled land per area of all other ecoregions. Protected areas of the Colorado Plateau have a pivotal role to play in enabling species and ecosystems to persist. Protected areas can remove or control many of the threatening processes such as habitat loss and fragmentation. The distribution of endemic plants in protected areas is not fully known and very little work has been completed in modeling distribution shifts in response to climate change. To better understand the complexity and variability climate change may have on the distribution of plants and animals, ecologists have recently developed the concept of computationally based Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) (Peterson, Soberon and Samcjez- Cordero 1999; Peterson and Vieglais 2001; Stockwell and Peters 1999). ENMs integrate a wide range of environmental data (including point location data) to define potential species habitats. The output of ENMs is a set of grids of potential habitat based on the co-occurrence of known species locations and various environmental conditions. Each grid is assessed for accuracy by comparing a set of reserved species locations to the predicted habitat distributions. The predicted ENM habitats can be projected onto past, current, and modeled future landscapes thus providing testable habitat conditions that can be compared to known conditions to assess model accuracy and improve environmental predictions (Peterson et al. 2002). Projection onto the current landscape indicates the present day geographic distribution of suitable conditions for these plant species - the species potential habitat. Comparing these projections to historical and current location data provides information on the changes that plants have made in their dispersal in response to disturbances and environmental changes in the recent past. Projecting the model onto future landscapes provides information of how climate change may affect the species distribution and dispersal ability. METHODS MaxEnt Data collection is the first step in modeling a species distribution; species location point records and environmental data are needed for the model. Location point records used in this study are from herbaria and Natural Heritage Programs from the Four Corners region, National Park Service and the Bureau of Land Management. Species with occurrence points from less than 10 populations were excluded from modeling because prior studies have demonstrated that fewer than 10 populations is not meaningful without extensive habitat re- 63
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December 2012 Number 1 - Utah Native Plant Society

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