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108 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research found at 63.9%. Arch pattern was found on the right index (12.5%), the left index and middle fingers (11.1%), radial loop pattern appeared only on the index fingers (8.3% on the left index; 5.6% on the right index) as shown in Table 1. Diversity of types of fingerprint patterns of ten-finger was found mostly in two types of patterns i.e. whorl plus ulnar loop (41 subjects or 56.9%) as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1. Image of ten-fingerprint obtained from the Automated Inkless Fingerprint Imaging Software. There are 8 ulnar loops [left thumb (L1), middle (L3), ring (L4), little (L5), and the right thumb (R1), index (R2), Middle (R3), and little fingers (R5)] and 2 whorls on the left index (L2) and right ring fingers (R4). Table 1. Percentages of types of fingerprint pattern by left and right fingers Pattern L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 W 56.9 50.0 30.6 61.1 25.0 63.9 47.2 38.9 69.4 34.7 UL 41.7 30.6 58.3 33.3 70.8 36.1 34.7 59.7 29.2 61.1 RL 0 8.3 0 0 0 0 5.6 0 0 0 A 1.4 11.1 11.1 5.6 4.2 0 12.5 1.4 1.4 4.2 Total (n) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) 100.0 (72) L1 = left thumb L2 = left index finger L3 = left middle finger L4 = left ring finger L5 = left little finger R1 = right thumb R2 = right index finger R3 = right middle finger R4 = right ring finger R5 = right little finger W = whorls (double loop whorl is included) UL = ulnar loop RL = radial loop A = arch
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 109 Relationship between fingerprint pattern and multiple intelligence The ANOVA showed that only the mean score of the logical-mathematical MI had a statistical significant difference between three types of fingerprint patterns on the right middle finger i.e. whorl, ulnar loop, and arch [F (2,70) =4.42, p=0.02). In other words, pattern type on the right middle finger is able to indicate a subject who has a high mean score of the logical-mathematical MI. The other MI mean scores show no significant difference between groups of fingerprint pattern types. The next step of the analysis was to identify which type of fingerprint pattern on the right middle finger is able to indicate high mean scores of the logicalmathematical MI. Considering frequencies of each pattern type on the right middle finger, it was found that the ulnar loop was the most prevalent (59.7%), 38.9% showed the whorl and only 1 subject (1.4%) had the arch. Thus the least frequency was deleted resulting in 71 subjects for the next analysis using the independent sample t-test. Results showed that the group of the whorl type had a significantly higher logical-mathematical MI mean score (29.21) than that of the ulnar loop type (26.12) [t (69) =-3.03, p=0.002]. This indicates that the whorl type pattern on the right middle finger is related to the logical-mathematical MI. Regarding analyses of an individualûs fingerprint pattern type and MI score as shown in Fig. 2, it helps each subject to know both of his or her eight multiple intelligences in ranking and the types of fingerprint patterns. Discussion The reliability of the MI checklist of this study was quite high and similar to that of a previous study (alpha Cronbach=0.911) by Sintuwong (2002) probably caused by similarity of subjectsû characteristics and words using in questions which had been adapted for students. The logical-mathematical MI mean score ranks the highest among the present studyûs subjects and the previous one by Sintuwong (2002) because both were students from the Science and Technology field. Remarkably, students who study in the Science and Technology field have highly intelligence in logical-mathematics. Authentic assessment of MI, documentation of individual profiles and problem-solving, can be performed by using several kinds of tools for data collection (Armstrong, 1994) for example; anecdotal records, work samples, audio cassettes, video tapes, photography, sociograms, informal tests, checklists etc. Types of fingerprint pattern by fingers particularly on the left and right thumbs seem to be comparable to the previous study which had a larger sample size of 684 subjects (Nanakorn et al., 2007). The previous study revealed significant sex differences of fingerprint pattern types on the left and right thumbs, while the present study had too small sample size to determine this statistically. The sample size of this pilot study encourages researchers to calculate the appropriate sample size for future study of 1893 subjects (Lemeshow et al., 1990; Nanakorn et al., 2009) for investigation of 8 MI and fingerprint pattern typesû relationships.
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