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∫∑§«“¡<br />

«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 43<br />

æ≈—ßß“π·≈– “¡“√∂À¡—°πÈ”µ“≈∫“ßπ‘¥®π∑”„À≥â<br />

°√¥ ·≈– à«π„À≠àµâÕß°“√ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ”À√—∫°“√<br />

‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ (aerobe) ∫“ß°≈ÿà¡ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â„π<br />

¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ·µà„â‰π‡µ√µ À√◊Õ Õ“√宑π’π<br />

‡ªìπµ—«√—∫Õ‘‡≈§µ√ÕÕπ ‡àπ °ÿ≈ Halobacterium<br />

‡ªìπµâπ (Grant et al., 1990; Oren, 2006)<br />

„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ¡“°‡°‘𧫓¡<br />

µâÕß°“√ ·µà “√Õ“À“√Õ◊Ëπ¡’ª√‘¡“≥®”°—¥ Õ“√凧’¬<br />

Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‡ª≈’ˬπ “√Õ“À“√∑’ˇªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ<br />

‰ª‡ªìπ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ (PHA) ‡àπ<br />

‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’∫‘«∑‘‡√µ [Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)]<br />

´÷Ëß∂Ÿ° √â“ß„π‚ª√§“√‘‚Õµ‡àπ°—π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4a) PHA<br />

‡ªìπ·À≈àß – ¡æ≈—ßß“π ·≈–∂Ÿ°π”¡“„â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë<br />

¢“¥·§≈πÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®– √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å<br />

æ‘‡Õ‡Õ ¥’‚æ≈’‡¡Õ‡√ (PHA depolymerase) ‡æ◊ËÕ¬àÕ¬<br />

≈“¬æ—π∏–‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å¿“¬„π‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß PHA ®π‰¥â<br />

‡ªìπÀπàÕ¬¬àÕ¬¢Õß‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å ®“°§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’Ë∂Ÿ°¬àÕ¬<br />

≈“¬‰¥â„π∏√√¡“µ‘ ®÷ß¡’°“√π” PHA ‡àπ PHB ‰ª<br />

º≈‘µ‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å∑“ß°“√<br />

·æ∑¬å ·µàæ∫«à“ PHB ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ª√“– ·µ°ßà“¬ ·≈–<br />

‰¡à¡’§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“<br />

®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ PHA ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’Ë¥’‡¥‘¡ „π<br />

ªï 1992 Rodriguez-Valera and Lillo »÷°…“°“√º≈‘µ<br />

PHA ®“° Haloferax. mediterranei æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ<br />

PHA ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 60 ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°‡´≈≈å·Àâß À√◊Õ<br />

πâÕ¬°«à“ 6 °√—¡/≈‘µ√ ‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߷∫∫§√—Èߧ√“« (batch<br />

culture) „πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§<br />

À√◊Õ ·ªÑß √«¡∑—Èß¡’ª√‘¡“≥øÕ ‡øµµË” ‚§√ß √â“ß<br />

¢Õß PHA ∑’ˉ¥â ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ co-polymer ‡√’¬°«à“<br />

poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (3HBco-3HV)<br />

æ∫«à“ 3HB-co-3HV ¡’§«“¡·¢Áß ‡À𒬫 ¡’<br />

§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ ·≈– ¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«µË” ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë<br />

µâÕß°“√¢Õß∑âÕßµ≈“¥¡“°°«à“ PHB (Don et al., 2006;<br />

Chen et al., 2006) ∂÷ß·¡â«à“ PHA “¡“√∂𔉪<br />

º≈‘µ‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°„â∑¥·∑πæ≈“ µ‘°∑’˺≈‘µ®“°<br />

ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡ ·µà°“√„âæ≈“ µ‘°¥—ß°≈à“«¬—߉¡à·æ√àÀ≈“¬<br />

‡π◊ËÕß®“°√“§“µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ‚¥¬æ∫«à“<br />

§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕßµâπ∑ÿπ¡“®“°§à“„â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥´◊ÈÕ<br />

·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ (Choi and Lee, 1997) ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’<br />

°“√»÷°…“°“√≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ PHA ®“° Hfx.<br />

mediterranei ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°„â·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°<br />

‡àπ ·ªÑߢ⓫‚æ¥ √”¢â“« ·≈–πÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡ (whey<br />

sugar ‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈º ¡√–À«à“ß°“·≈§‚µ ·≈–°≈Ÿ‚§<br />

‚¥¬π”À“ßπ¡´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ®“°°√–∫«π°“√<br />

º≈‘µ’ µå‰ª¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å β-galactosidase)<br />

‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ À≈—ß ‘Èπ ÿ¥°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ∑”°“√·¬°<br />

PHA ÕÕ°®“° “√Õ◊ËπÊ‚¥¬„â°“√À¡ÿπ‡À«’ˬß∑’˧«“¡<br />

‡√Á«√Õ∫µË”‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„À⇴≈≈å∑’Ë¡’°“√ – ¡¢Õß PHA<br />

(√Ÿª 4a) µ°µ–°Õπ·≈–≈â“ßµ–°Õπ¥â«¬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ‡æ◊ËÕ<br />

∑”„À⇴≈≈å·µ° ·≈–≈â“ߥ⫬πȔՒ°‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥‡»…‡´≈≈å<br />

‚¥¬æ∫«à“°“√„âπÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡®–<br />

∑”„Àâ Hfx. Mediterranei “¡“√∂º≈‘µ Poly<br />

(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-6%-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (3HBco-6%-3HV)<br />

‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 72.8 (0.09<br />

g -1 L -1 h -1 ) ´÷Ëß¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«∑’Ë 150 ·≈– 160 Õß»“<br />

‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߷∫∫°÷ËßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß<br />

(fed-batch culture) ‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡<br />

‰Œ¥√Õ°´’«“‡≈Õ‡√µ (hydroxyvalerate) ·≈– ‰Œ¥√Õ°<br />

´’ ∫‘«∑‘‡√µ (hydroxybutyrate) ∑”„À≥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìπ<br />

Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-21.8%-3-Hydroxyvalerateco-5.1%-3-Hydroxybutyrate)<br />

(3-HB-co-21.8%-3-HVco-5.1%-3-HB)<br />

¡“°∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 85 (0.14 g -1 L -1 h -1 ) ·≈–<br />

3-HB-co-21.8%-3-HV-co-5.1%-3-HB ¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«<br />

(140 ·≈– 150 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ´÷Ëߵ˔°«à“ 3HB-co-<br />

6%-3HV ∂÷ß 10 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Koller et al., 2007)<br />

®—¥‡ªìπ·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë¥’ ”À√—∫°“√π”‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å¢â“ßµâπ‰ª<br />

º≈‘µ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«µË”∑”„Àâ<br />

“¡“√∂≈¥°“√„âæ≈—ßß“π„π°“√À≈Õ¡ PHA °àÕπ<br />

°“√𔉪º≈‘µ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˬàÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥âµ“¡<br />

∏√√¡“µ‘<br />

®“°°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß’«‡§¡’∑”„Àâ∑√“∫<br />

«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë “¡“√∂

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