Review

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 52-70 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 52-70 (2011)
æ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ —ß‡§√“–Àå: π‘¥ °“√ —߇§√“–Àå
·≈– ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
Synthetic Bioplastics: Types, Synthesis and
Properties of Poly(lactic acid)s
¡—ß°√ »√’ –Õ“¥ 1* ¬Õ¥∏ß „∫¡“° 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (PLAs) ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å —ß‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ ”À√—∫ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„⇪ìπæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂·∫à߇ªìπ 3 π‘¥µ“¡‚§√ß·∫∫¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘° (π‘¥·Õ≈ π‘¥¥’ ·≈–π‘¥
¥’·Õ≈) ‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (PLLA) æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (PDLA) ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
(PDLLA) ‚¥¬ PLAs “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–À剥â 2 «‘∏’ §◊Õ æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ß·≈–·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π
´÷Ëß¡’°“√„â°√¥·≈§µ‘° ·≈–·≈§‰∑¥å‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ß·≈–
·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π µ“¡≈”¥—∫ PLAs ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ Ÿß —߇§√“–À剥₥¬„â‡∑§π‘§æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥
«ß·À«π PLLA ·≈– PDLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å°÷Ëߺ≈÷° ¢≥–∑’Ë PDLLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åÕ —≥∞“π ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈ °“√
≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢Õß PLAs ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–√–¥—∫§«“¡
‡ªìπº≈÷°¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‚¥¬°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ “¡“√∂·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ 2 ·∫∫ ‰¥â·°à
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«‚¥¬‰¡à„â‡Õπ‰´¡å ·≈–°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)s (PLAs) are synthetic biodegradable polymers for use as bioplastic applications.
They were divided into 3 types corresponded to lactic acid configurations (L-, D- and D,L-forms). They are
poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA). PLAs can be
synthesized by 2 methods, direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. Lactic acid and lactide
are used as monomers for direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization, respectively. High
molecular weight PLAs can be obtained from the later method. PLLA and PDLA are semi-crystalline
1Àπ૬«‘®—¬æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ ¿“§«‘“‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À“ “√§“¡ 44150
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: msrisaard@gmail.com