Review

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«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 37
·Õ≈‡§π (alkane; tetradecane, hexa decane, eicosane,
heneicosane ·≈– pristane) ·≈– Õ–‚√¡“µ‘°
‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ (aromatic hydrocarbons; acenaphtene,
phenaphtrene, anthracene ·≈– 9-methyl-anthracene)
(Bertrand et al., 1990)
‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„≥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬¥â“π
‡àπ ¥â“π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å (·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π) Õ“À“√
·≈–¬“ (·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ
·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡) ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’
·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®—¥‡ªìπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ’°°≈ÿà¡∑’ˇªìπ∑“ß
‡≈◊Õ° ”À√—∫„âª√–‚¬πå„πÕ𓧵 „πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—ß
‰¡à§àÕ¬¡’°“√„âª√–‚¬π宓°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡“°π—°
¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√»÷°…“Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
°“√ª√—∫µ—«„Àâ°—∫ ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
∑“ß’«‡§¡’ ·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ ®—°
‡ªìπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡»—°¬¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥„π°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡·≈–≈¥§à“„â®à“¬„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√º≈‘µ
√«¡∑—Èß°“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈‘µ¿—≥±å„πÕ𓧵
Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ (Taxonomy
of Halophilic Archaea)
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’„π ‘Ëß
·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµ—Èß·µà 15 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå
®π∂÷ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—« (saturated NaCl) ‡àπ
∑–‡≈ “∫πÈ”‡§Á¡ (salt lake) ∑–‡≈ “∫πÈ”‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’ pH
‡ªìπ¥à“ß (soda lake) ¥‘π‡§Á¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√√–‡À¬¢ÕßπÈ”
„Àâ¡’‡°≈◊Õ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß (salterns) ·≈–Õ“À“√À¡—°
∑’˄⇰≈◊Õ∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß (fermented food)
‚¥¬§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊Õ∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– 20 „π∫—®®ÿ∫—π
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 28 °ÿ≈ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ
¢ÕßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡Õâ“ßÕ‘ßµ“¡
√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß Grant and Larsen (1990); Oren (2006)
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1)
°“√»÷°…“¥â“πÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡„â«‘∏’ Polyphasic taxonomy ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá (phenotypic
characteristics) §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß®’‚π‰∑ªá (genotypic
characteristics) ·≈–Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ (chemotaxonomic
characteristics) (Oren et al., 1997) ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¡’√“¬ß“π°“√§âπæ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®”π«π 4 °ÿ≈
§◊Õ Halobacterium (Hbt. salinarum ·≈– Hbt.
piscisalsi), Haloarcula (Har. salaria ·≈– Har.
tradensis), Natrinema (Nmn. gari) ·≈– Halococcus
(Hcc. Thailandensis, Hcc. saccharolysitcus ·≈– Hcc.
morrhuae) ‚¥¬‡ªìπÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à∑—Èß
À¡¥ 5 “¬æ—π∏ÿå §◊Õ Hbt. piscisalsi, Har. salaria,
Har. tradensis, Nmn. gari ·≈– Hcc. thailandensis
· ¥ß¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘µâπ‰¡â (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) (Namwong et al.,
2007; Namwong et al., inpress; Tanasupawat et al.,
2008-2009; Yachai et al., 2008; Tapingkae et al.,
2008)
°“√§âπæ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à∑’Ë
“¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’„π ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª
∂◊Õ‡ªìπ·πâ«‚πâ¡∑’Ë®–‡æ‘Ë¡‚Õ°“ æ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
∑’Ë®–¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡¥àπ∫“ߪ√–°“√∑’Ë¥’°«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡∑’ˇ§¬¡’√“¬ß“π¡“·≈â« ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ’°∑“߇≈◊Õ°‡æ◊ËÕπ”
‰ª„â ”À√—∫‡ªìπºŸâº≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑“ß°“√§â“ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ
‡àπ °“√ª√—∫µ—«„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ (osmoadaptation)
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá (phenotypic characteristics)
·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ (chemotaxonomic
characteristics) ®–∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂µ—¥ ‘π„®‡≈◊Õ°„â
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’˺≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–„âµâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µµË”