Review

More documents

Recommendations

Info

74 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 <strong>Review</strong> √Ÿª∑’Ë 3 a) ‡°√π (grain) ·≈–¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary) µ“¡·∫∫®”≈Õß¢Õß Daniels (1976, 1978, 1979) b) °”·æß»—°¬å (potential barrier) ∑’Ë—Èπ¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary layer) (∑’Ë¡“: ª√—∫ª√ÿß®“° Hill, 1991) ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ ∑—Èß Daniels ·≈– Heywang µà“ß ‡ÀÁπ«à“¢Õ∫‡°√π¢Õß BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬µ—«„Àâ (donor doped BaTiO 3 ) ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë‡ªìπµ—«√—∫ (acceptor) ¢—¥¢«“ß °“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢ÕßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ®÷ß ¢÷Èπ°—∫§«“¡Àπ“¢Õß¢Õ∫‡°√π ª°µ‘·≈â«§«“¡Àπ“ ¢Õß¢Õ∫‡°√π®–¢÷Èπ°—∫ªí®®—¬À≈“¬ª√–°“√ (Alles, 1989; LaCourse, 1995; Kulwicki, 1981) ‡àπ ª√‘¡“≥ ‰ÕÕÕπ¢ÕßÕ–µÕ¡µ—«„Àâ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë‡º“ºπ÷° ∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë„â°“√‡º“ºπ÷°·≈–Õ—µ√“‡√Á«∑’Ë≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ‘Èπß“π≈ß¡“ (cooling rate) ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈â«°“√≈¥ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß¡“‡√Á«Ê ®–‰¥â¢Õ∫‡°√π∫“ßÊ ∑”„Àâ‘Èπß“π ∑’Ë‰¥â· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ‰¥â¥’°«à“°“√≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß ¡“Õ¬à“ßâ“Ê (Cho, 2006) ·∫∫®”≈Õß·∫∫ ÿ¥∑â“¬‡ªìπ·∫∫®”≈Õß¢Õß Jonker (1964, 1982) Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ BaTiO 3 ‡ªìπ “√ ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«°‡ø√å‚√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘° ¥—ßπ—Èπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË” °«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’¢Õß BaTiO 3 ®÷ß¡’‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß (spontaneous polarization) ¿“¬„πº≈÷°¢Õß BaTiO 3 ·≈–¿“¬„πº≈÷°Àπ÷ËßÊ ¢Õß BaTiO 3 ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ À≈“¬Ê ‚¥‡¡π (domain) ´÷Ëß¿“¬„π·µà≈–‚¥‡¡π¡’°“√®—¥ ‡√’¬ß‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‰ª„π∑‘»‡¥’¬«°—π¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 4a ¥—ßπ—Èπ ‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π ÿ∑∏‘√–À«à“ß‡°√π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿàµ‘¥°—π®–∑”„Àâ ‡°‘¥ª√–®ÿ∑’Ëº‘« (surface charge) ¢Õß¢Õ∫‡°√π ¥—ß · ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4b ‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π ÿ∑∏‘®–∑”„Àâ‡°√π∑’Ë¡’ ∑—ÈßÀ¡¥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¡’ª√–®ÿ∫«°∑’Ëº‘«·≈–‡°√π∑’Ë‡À≈◊ÕÕ’° §√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¡’ª√–®ÿ≈∫∑’Ëº‘« Jonker Õ∏‘∫“¬Õ’°«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ª√–®ÿ≈∫∑’Ëº‘«®–À—°≈â“ßÀ√◊Õ¥‡¬ °”·æß»—°¬å∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π´÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°àÕß«à“ß¢Õß·∫‡√’¬¡ (Barium vacancies) ‡ªìπº≈„Àâ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §Ÿ√’ BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ¡’§«“¡µâ“π∑“π ‰øøÑ“µË” Õπ÷Ëßª√–®ÿ∫«°∑’Ëº‘«‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√π”‰øøÑ“ ‡æ√“–Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®–«‘Ëß‰ªµ“¡∑“ß∑’Ë¡’°”·æß»—°¬åµË” Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢÷Èπ‰ª Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §Ÿ√’ BaTiO 3 ®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«°æ“√“ Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘°´÷Ëß‰¡à¡’‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß (spontaneous polarization) ¥—ßπ—Èπ°”·æß»—°¬å∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π®÷ß‰¡à∂Ÿ° À—°≈â“ß ∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ¡’§«“¡ µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ ŸßÊ ‡Àµÿ°“√≥å¥—ß°≈à“«‡°‘¥‰¥â‡√Á«¡“° ‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ§«“¡√âÕπ·°à BaTiO 3 ºà“πÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ®÷ß· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 75 √Ÿª∑’Ë 4 a) ‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß (spontaneous polarization) „π‚¥‡¡π¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡ø√å‚√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘° b) ª√–®ÿ∑’Ëº‘«¢Õß‡°√π (surface charge) ´÷Ëß‡°‘¥®“°º≈√«¡¢Õß‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß¢Õß‡°√π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà µ‘¥°—π (¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°: Huybrechs, 1995) π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åπ” PTCR- BaTiO 3 ‰ª„â ∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating element) ∑’Ëµ—¥‰ø‡Õß‰¥â ‚¥¬Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘‰¡àµâÕß„â«ß®√‰øøÑ“ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—°°“√ ∑’Ë«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ ¡’ ¿“æ§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“„πµ—«‰¡à¡“° ®÷ß¬Õ¡„Àâ ‰øøÑ“«‘Ëßºà“πµ—«¡—π·≈â«„Àâ§«“¡√âÕπÕÕ°¡“‡À¡◊Õπ °—∫‰ âÀ≈Õ¥‰øøÑ“ µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕµ—«¢Õß¡—π¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß ¢÷Èπ®π°√–∑—Ëß Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ PTCR- BaTiO 3 ®–¡’ ¿“æ§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß∑—π∑’À≈“¬æ—π‡∑à“ ∑”„Àâ‰øøÑ“«‘Ëßºà“πµ—«¡—π‰¡à‰¥â ¡—π®÷ßÀ¬ÿ¥„Àâ§«“¡ √âÕπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘®÷ßµË”≈ß ·≈–®–„Àâ§«“¡√âÕπÕÕ°¡“Õ’°∑’ ‡¡◊ËÕµ—«¡—π¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ º≈¢Õß°“√‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπµ—«√—∫„π PTCR-BaTiO 3 ºŸâº≈‘µ PTCR ®“° BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡µ‘¡ “√‡®◊Õµ—« „Àâ¡—°®–‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπÀ√◊ÕÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π ≈ß‰ª„π à«πº ¡¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–®“°ß“π«‘®—¬æ∫«à“°“√ ‡µ‘¡Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π∫“ßµ—« ‡àπ Fe, Cr ·≈– Mn ‡¢â“‰ª„π BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ®–à«¬ ‡æ‘Ë¡ ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ‰¥â¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ‡π◊ËÕß®“° ‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π∑’Ë‡µ‘¡≈ß‰ªπ—Èπ¡’‡«‡≈π´’ µË”°«à“‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß BaTiO 3 ®÷ß∂◊Õ«à“°“√‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß ∏“µÿ∑√“π´‘—π‡ªìπ°“√‡®◊Õ BaTiO 3 ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«√—∫ Ueoka (1974) Õ∏‘∫“¬°“√‡µ‘¡ Mn 2+ ≈ß‰ª„π BaTiO 3 «à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ŸßÊ °“√‡µ‘¡ Mn 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 ª√—∫ ª√–®ÿ„Àâ ¡¥ÿ≈‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥àÕß«à“ß¢ÕßÕÕ°´‘‡®π (oxygen vacancies; ) Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áµ“¡ ®–¡’®”π«π ≈¥≈ß‡¡◊ËÕ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß¡“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß„π∫√√¬“°“» ª°µ‘ ∑”„Àâ Mn 2+ ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°‡µ‘¡‡¢â“‰ª·∑π∑’Ë Ti 4+ „π BaTiO 3 ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡«‡≈π´’‡ªìπ Mn 3+ À√◊Õ Mn 4+ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õßª√–®ÿ¢Õß√–∫∫ Mn ‰ÕÕÕπ∑’Ë¡’‡«‡≈π´’ ŸßÊ ‡À≈à“π’È®–∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë§Õ¬®—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ∑”„Àâ°”·æß»—°¬å µ“¡·∫∫®”≈Õß¢Õß Heywang Ÿß¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡µ‘¡ Mn 2+ ‡¢â“‰ª®÷ß∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬µ—«„Àâ· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¡“°¬‘Ëß¢÷Èπ Õ“®®–‡¢’¬π ¡°“√‡§¡’¢Õß °“√‡°‘¥µ”Àπ‘µ“¡§”Õ∏‘∫“¬¢Õß Ueoka ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È
Page 3 and 4:
“√∫—≠ Table of Contents I
Page 5 and 6:
“√∫—≠ Table of Contents I
Page 7 and 8:
ISSN 0125 - 2364 Publisher Faculty
Page 9 and 10:
«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 1-13 (25
Page 11 and 12:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 13 and 14:
å ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√
Page 15 and 16:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 17 and 18:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 19 and 20:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 21 and 22:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 23 and 24:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 25 and 26:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 27 and 28:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 29 and 30:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 31 and 32: å ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√
Page 33 and 34: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 35 and 36: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 37 and 38: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 39 and 40: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 41 and 42: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 43 and 44: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 45 and 46: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 47 and 48: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 49 and 50: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 51 and 52: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 53 and 54: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 55 and 56: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 57 and 58: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 59 and 60: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 61 and 62: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 63 and 64: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 65 and 66: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 67 and 68: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 69 and 70: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 71 and 72: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 73 and 74: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 75 and 76: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 77 and 78: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 79 and 80: «.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 71-79 (2
Page 81: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 85 and 86: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 87 and 88: ∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 89 and 90: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 91 and 92: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 93 and 94: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 95 and 96: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 97 and 98: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 99 and 100: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 101 and 102: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 103 and 104: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 105 and 106: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 107 and 108: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 109 and 110: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 111 and 112: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 113 and 114: «.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 105-112
Page 115 and 116: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 117 and 118: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 119 and 120: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 121 and 122: «.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 113-119
Page 123 and 124: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 125 and 126: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 127 and 128: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 129 and 130: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 131 and 132: ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 133 and 134:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 135 and 136:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 137 and 138:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 139 and 140:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 141 and 142:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 143 and 144:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 145 and 146:
«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 137-148
Page 147 and 148:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 149 and 150:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 151 and 152:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 153 and 154:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 155 and 156:
ß“π«‘®—¬ «“√ “√
Page 157 and 158:
«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 149-158
Page 159 and 160:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 161 and 162:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 163 and 164:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 165 and 166:
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«
Page 167 and 168:
¢âÕ·π-π”„π°“√‡¢
Page 169 and 170:
µ—«Õ¬à“ß °“√«‘‡
Page 171 and 172:
„∫ —Ëß≈ß‚…≥“ „
Page 173 and 174:
- Àπâ“«à“ßªî¥∑â“
show all

Review

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?