Review

46 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(Haloferax) ´÷Ëß¡’ S-layer ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õߺπ—ß
‡´≈≈å ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂ °—¥º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕÕ°®“°‡´≈≈剥â
¿“¬„π 1 ¢—ÈπµÕπ ‚¥¬°“√π”‡´≈≈å≈–≈“¬„ππÈ” À√◊Õ
∫—ø‡øÕ√å ‡´≈≈å®–·µ° ∑”„À≥⠓√≈–≈“¬º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
®–𔉪∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϵàÕ‰ª ‡àπ °“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« PHA
®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ Haloferax. mediterranei „â°“√
À¡ÿπ‡À«’ˬ߇æ◊ËÕ·¬°‡´≈≈åÕÕ°®“°πÈ”À¡—° π”‡´≈≈å
≈–≈“¬„ππÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇴≈≈å·µ° ·≈–≈â“ßµ–°Õπ¥â«¬πÈ”
‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥‡»…‡´≈≈å
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇´≈≈凡¡‡∫√π
‡´≈≈凡¡‡∫√πª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬ Õß à«π∑’Ë
”§—≠ §◊Õ ‰¢¡—π ·≈–‚ª√µ’π ‚¥¬‰¢¡—π·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ
2 π‘¥ §◊Õ ‚æ≈“√å≈‘ªî¥ [Polar lipids, (√âÕ¬≈– 90)]
·≈– π‘«∑√—≈ ≈‘ªî¥ [Neutral lipids, (√âÕ¬≈– 10)] ´÷Ëß
‚æ≈“√å≈‘ªî¥ À√◊Õ ‡√’¬°«à“ glycerol diether lipids ¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬°≈’‡´Õ√Õ≈ (glycerol)
·≈– “¬‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ [Hydrocarbon chain §◊Õ
2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol (C 20
,C 20
) ·≈–
2-O-sesterterpanyl-3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol
(C 25
,C 20
)] ∑—Èß Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡◊ËÕ¡µàÕ°—π¥â«¬æ—π∏–Õ’‡∏Õ√å
(Ether bond) ‚¥¬‚æ≈“√å ≈‘ªî¥ ·∫à߇ªìπ 3 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ
øÕ ‚æ≈‘ªî¥ [Phospholipids] æ∫„πÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
∑ÿ°π‘¥ §◊Õ phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) ·≈–
phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-
Me)], ‰°≈‚§≈‘ªî¥ (glycolipids) ·≈– ´—≈‚ø≈‘ªî¥
(Sulfolipid) ¡’°“√√“¬ß“π°“√π” glycerol diether lipids
‰ª„â ”À√—∫ “√∑’ˇµ‘¡„πÕ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥·§≈Õ√’Ë
„πÕ“À“√ (non-caloric fat substitute) (Kamekura and
Kates,1988)
”À√—∫π‘«∑√—≈ ≈‘ªî¥ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡àπ C 20
isoprenoid lipids,
Neutral phytanyl ethers of glycerol, C 30
isoprenoid
lipids (°≈ÿà¡¢Õß squalene ·≈– Õπÿæ—π∏å) ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å
§«‘‚ππ (quinones) ·≈– Retinal pigments ”À√—∫
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ¡’º≈µàÕ ’¢Õß‚§‚≈π’Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å Ÿß®–∑”„À₧‚≈π’¡’ ’·¥ß â¡
·≈–·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å¡’Àπâ“∑’˪ÑÕß°—πÕ—πµ√“¬„Àâ°—∫
‡´≈≈宓°√—ß ’¬Ÿ«’ ‚¥¬·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ√Ÿ‡∫Õ√‘π (bacterioruberin) ª√‘¡“≥√âÕ¬≈–
60 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß
æ∫·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ë¡’§“√å∫Õπ 40 Õ–µÕ¡ ‡àπ
hydroxyechinenone ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 6.a)
·≈– ·§π∏“·´π∏‘π (canthaxanthin) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 6.b)
”À√—∫ ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„â„π¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵâ“πÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ æ∫«à“
·Õ µ“·´π∑‘π¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„°≈⇧’¬ßÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’
‡√’¬°«à“ ´Ÿ‡ªÕ√å«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ (super vitamin E) (Bramley,
2000) ·≈–„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√„â·§π∏“·´π∏‘π
‡ªìπ ’º ¡Õ“À“√ (food colorant) ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
·§π∏“·´π∏‘π¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‰¡à∑”„À⺟â∫√‘‚¿§‡°‘¥Õ“°“√
·æâ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ ’ —ߺ ¡Õ“À“√ —߇§√“–Àå √«¡∑—Èß„â
‡ªìπ “√„Àâ ’ ”À√—∫°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“·´≈¡Õπ ·≈–ªŸ
∑”„Àâ —µ«å¡’ ’ —π «¬ß“¡ (Asker and Ohta, 1999) ®÷ß
∑”„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“°“√º≈‘µ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å®“°Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥·∑π°“√º≈‘µ®“°¬’ µå ∑’˄⢗ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë
¬ÿà߬“°„π°“√∑”„À⇴≈≈å·µ°·≈–°“√ °—¥ “√ ’ÕÕ°
®“°‡´≈≈å ´÷Ëß àߺ≈µàÕµâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ·≈–√“§“¢Õß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å (Calo et al., 1995)
Calo ·≈–§≥– (1995) »÷°…“À“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å¢Õß Halobacterium salinarum
æ∫·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 2400 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡/°√—¡¢Õß
πÈ”Àπ—°‡´≈≈å·Àâß ‚¥¬·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ëæ∫ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß §◊Õ
hydroxyechinenone ª√‘¡“≥ 588 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ (√âÕ¬≈–
24) ·≈– ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘πª√‘¡“≥ 588
‰¡‚§√°√—¡ (√âÕ¬≈– 11) ‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄π∑’Ë¡’Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫ yeast extract (10 °√—¡/≈‘µ√), casamino
acids (7.5 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); NaCI (250 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); MgSO,.
7H,O (40 °√—¡/≈‘µ√), KCl (2 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); trisodium
citrate (3 °√—¡/≈‘µ√) ·≈– trace element solution
ª√‘¡“≥ 10 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ”À√—∫ Haloferax alexandrinus