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76 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 <strong>Review</strong> √Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ¿“æ§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“µàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ∑’Ë‡µ‘¡ Mn, Cr À√◊Õ Si ®“°¿“æ ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ Mn ∑’Ë‡µ‘¡à«¬‡æ‘Ë¡ PTCR ¢÷Èπ‰ª‡ªìπ 10 7 (∑’Ë¡“: Ueoka, 1974) º≈¢Õß°“√‡µ‘¡‰Õ‚´‡«‡≈π´å‰ÕÕÕπ (isovalence) „π PTCR-BaTiO 3 °“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ „π BaTiO 3 ¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπ∑’Ë¡’ ‡«‡≈π´’ 2+ ‡∑à“°—π ‡àπ Sr 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ca 2 ®–∑”„Àâ°“√ ‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß‚§√ß √â“ßº≈÷°®“°º≈÷°·∫∫‡∑∑√–‚°π—≈ (tetragonal) ‰ª‡ªìπº≈÷°·∫∫≈Ÿ°∫“»°å (cubic) ‡°‘¥ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ´÷Ëß‡ªìπº≈„ÀâÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë‡°‘¥ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª¥â«¬¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ®“°√Ÿª®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ ¥â«¬ Sr 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 · ¥ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”≈ß „π ∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡°“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ ¥â«¬ Pb 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 · ¥ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®÷ßÕ“®®–‡≈◊Õ°‡µ‘¡‰Õ‚´‡«‡≈π´å‰ÕÕÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡„Àâ PTCR- BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë„â∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating element) µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ËµâÕß°“√‰¥â
∫∑§«“¡ «“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 77 √Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ¿“æ§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“µàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‡®◊Õ¥â«¬ Sr ·≈– Pb (∑’Ë¡“: Andrich, 1965-1966) “√‡µ‘¡·µàßà«¬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷° PTCR-BaTiO 3 „π°“√∑” PTCR ®“° BaTiO 3 Õ“®®–„ à “√ ‡µ‘¡·µàß (additive) ∫“ßπ‘¥≈ß‰ªà«¬≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡º“ ºπ÷°¢Õß BaTiO 3 “√‡À≈à“π’È¬—ß “¡“√∂à«¬∑”„Àâ‡°‘¥ °“√‡º“ºπ÷°·∫∫‡ø ¢Õß‡À≈« (liquid phase sintering) ‰¥â¥â«¬ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’Ë‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ PTCR π‘¬¡‡µ‘¡‰ª à«¬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷° BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë„âß“π∑“ß PTCR ‡ªìπ ¢Õßº ¡√–À«à“ß Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 ·≈– TiO 2 ‡√’¬°«à“ AST system (Matsuo, 1968; Bomlai, 2005) µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√„â PTCR-BaTiO 3 µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√π” PTCR-BaTiO 3 ‰ª„â ‰¥â·°à °“√π”‰ª∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕß§åª√–°Õ∫∑“ß‡§¡’¢Õß‘Èπ PTCR ®“°‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ Õß‡§√◊ËÕß¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß‡Õ°´å‡√¬å ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´π´å (X-ray fluorescent) · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß ∑’Ë 1 ®“°µ“√“ß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“‘Èπ PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¡’ ∏“µÿ Ba, Pb ·≈– Ti ‡ªìπÕß§åª√–°Õ∫À≈—° Ba ·≈– Ti §ß‡ªìπ à«πº ¡À≈—°„π BaTiO 3 π—Èπ‡Õß à«π Pb πà“®–‡ªìπÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß‰Õ‚´‡«‡≈π´å∑’Ë‡µ‘¡≈ß‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ PTCR-BaTiO 3 · ¥ßæƒµ‘°√√¡ PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ª√–¡“≥ 200-250 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‰¡àµË”‡°‘π‰ª ‡æ√“– BaTiO 3 ∑’Ë‰¡à‰¥â ‡µ‘¡ Pb ®–· ¥ßæƒµ‘°√√¡ PTCR µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ª√–¡“≥ 120 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 6) ´÷Ëß µË”‡°‘π‰ª∑’Ë®–„âß“π„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ πÕ°®“°π’È PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¬—ßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿNb Õ’° ¥â«¬´÷Ëß§ß‡ªìπÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß “√‡®◊Õµ—«„Àâ (donor dope) ∑’Ë‡µ‘¡≈ß‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3 · ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR µ“¡ ·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë°≈à“«‰ª·≈â«π—Èπ‡Õß Õπ÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¬—ßª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿFe Õ’°¥â«¬ ´÷ËßºŸâº≈‘µ §ß®–‡µ‘¡ Fe ≈ß‰ª‡ªìπ “√‡®◊Õµ—«√—∫ (acceptor dope) ‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ„Àâ BaTiO 3 · ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¡“°¬‘Ëß¢÷Èπ π—Èπ‡Õß ÿ¥∑â“¬®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿ Si ·≈– Al ¥â«¬´÷ËßÕ“®®–‡ªìπ “√ ‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’ËºŸâº≈‘µ„ à‡¢â“‰ª‡æ◊ËÕà«¬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷°π—Èπ‡Õß à«π Ca ∑’Ëæ∫„π PTCR ¢Õß‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡π—Èπ¬—ß‰¡à∑√“∫ ·πà—¥«à“∑”Àπâ“∑’ËÕ–‰√„π‡´√“¡‘°·∫∫π’È
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