Metalogos The Gospels of Thomas & Philip & Truth

(1880); The Brothers Karamazov (1880): If slavery
prevailed in the days of the Apostle Paul, this was
precisely because the churches which originated
then were not yet perfect, as we perceive from the
Epistles of the Apostle himself. However, those
members of the congregations who, individually,
attained perfection no longer owned or could have
had slaves, because these became brethren, and
a brother, a true brother, cannot have a brother as
his slave. || This child born of the son of the devil
and of a holy woman:... they baptized him ‘Paul’.
Friedrich Nietzsche, The Dawn (1881): The
story of one of the most ambitious and obtrusive of
souls, of a head as superstitious as it was crafty,
the story of the Apostle Paul— who knows this,
except a few scholars? Without this strange story,
however, without the confusions and storms of
such a head, such a soul, there would be no
Christianity.
Leo Tolstoy, My Religion (1884): The
separation between the doctrine of life and the
explanation of life began with the preaching of
Paul who knew not the ethical teachings set forth
in the Gospel of Matthew, and who preached a
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