Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
- No tags were found...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> DIGITAL OPERATION 3-13<br />
Although the controls on OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> provide the flexibility you need to customize<br />
your station's sound, proper adjustment of these controls consists of balancing the<br />
trade-offs between loudness, density, brightness, and audible distortion. In<br />
programming the LESS-MORE curves, we have made it easy for you to make this<br />
trade-off. As you advance the LESS-MORE control for a given factory preset, the sound<br />
gets louder but distortion increases. However, for each setting of the LESS-MORE<br />
control, other processing parameters are automatically adjusted to give you the lowest<br />
possible distortion for the amount of loudness you are getting.<br />
There are separate LESS-MORE controls for the analog <strong>AM</strong> and digital radio<br />
processing, making it easy to optimize each channel separately.<br />
If you want to go beyond LESS-MORE and into the FULL MODIFY and EXPERT MODIFY<br />
adjustments, you should carefully read and understand the following section. It<br />
provides the information you need to adjust OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> controls to suit your<br />
format, taste, and competitive situation.<br />
Judging Loudness<br />
Apparent loudness in the analog <strong>AM</strong> channel will vary with the frequency response of<br />
the radio and with the accuracy with which the radio is tuned. Narrowband radios will<br />
usually get very much louder if tuned off center while a highly equalized signal is<br />
being received. This means that if your auto radio is not electronically-tuned, you must<br />
manually fine-tune its push-button settings before you can make meaningful loudness<br />
comparisons. Loudness is a very complex psychoacoustic phenomenon. One station<br />
cannot be judged louder than another can unless it is consistently louder on many<br />
different receivers with many different types of program material. Because a<br />
wideband radio reproduces more of the frequency range in which the<br />
highly-equalized signal concentrates its energy (and to which the ear is most sensitive),<br />
a highly equalized signal may sound quieter than an unequalized signal on a<br />
narrowband radio, while the reverse is true on a wideband radio.<br />
For the digital radio channel, it is much easier to compare loudness between stations<br />
because the audio has frequency response to 15 kHz and the radios are essentially flat.<br />
It is not wise to start a digital channel “loudness war” because setting the processor up<br />
to cause large loudness disparities between the analog and digital channels will simply<br />
irritate listeners and is likely to cause tune-outs as listeners are forced to constantly<br />
grab their volume controls. Moreover, processing the digital channel for loudness is<br />
likely to increase codec artifacts significantly.<br />
Reverberation<br />
In the distant past, the addition of artificial reverberation was touted as an easy<br />
method of achieving greater loudness in <strong>AM</strong> broadcasting. Given the limitations of the<br />
audio processing equipment of that time, this was true: reverberation increased the<br />
signal density and average modulation without the pumping or other side effects that<br />
heavy limiting would cause if equivalent density were to be achieved by compression<br />
or limiting alone. However, because reverberation “smeared” the sound, it exacted a<br />
price of decreased definition and intelligibility in many instances.<br />
Because OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> is capable of so much density augmentation without producing<br />
audible artifacts, reverberation is neither necessary nor desirable for achieving high