Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
Optimod-AM 9400 V1.2 Operating Manual - Orban
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OPTIMOD-<strong>AM</strong> DIGITAL TROUBLESHOOTING 5-5<br />
fully realigned, the only cure for any remaining excessive out-of-band radiation is to<br />
reduce the setting of the <strong>9400</strong>'s lowpass filter until the transmission is within specification.<br />
These transmitters are prime candidates for replacement with a modern<br />
solid-state transmitter, which will reduce AC power costs and also sound much better<br />
on-air.<br />
Negative overmodulation that causes carrier pinch-off will also cause the bandwidth<br />
to increase rapidly. Older transmitters may respond better to negative modulation<br />
slightly below 100%, as their distortion can rise rapidly as they approach 100%<br />
modulation.<br />
System Will Not Pass Line-Up Tones at 100% Modulation<br />
This is normal. Sine waves have a very low peak-to-average ratio by comparison to<br />
program material. The processing thus automatically reduces their peak level to<br />
bring their average level closer to program material, promoting a more consistent<br />
and well-balanced sound quality.<br />
The <strong>9400</strong> can generate test tones itself. The <strong>9400</strong> can also be put into Bypass mode<br />
(locally or by remote control) to enable it to pass externally generated tones at any<br />
desired level. (See Test Modes on page 3-54.)<br />
System Will Not Pass Emergency Alert System (“EAS” USA Standard) Tones<br />
at the Legally Required Modulation Level<br />
See System Will Not Pass Line-Up Tones at 100% Modulation (directly above) for an<br />
explanation. These tones should be injected into the transmitter after the <strong>9400</strong>, or<br />
the <strong>9400</strong> should be temporarily switched to BYPASS to pass the tones.<br />
System Receiving <strong>9400</strong>’s Digital Output Will Not Lock<br />
Be sure that the <strong>9400</strong>’s output sample rate is set match the sample rate that the<br />
driven system expects. Be sure that the <strong>9400</strong>’s output mode (AES3 or SPDIF) is set to<br />
match the standard expected by the driven system.<br />
L–R (Stereo Difference Channel) Will Not Null with Monophonic Input<br />
This problem is often caused by relative phase shifts between the left and right<br />
channels prior to the <strong>9400</strong>’s input. This stresses codecs, which can misinterpret these<br />
phase shifts as intentional stereo imaging effects and try to encode them, wasting<br />
bits. It is wise to minimize any left/right phase shifts in your audio facility prior to<br />
the <strong>9400</strong>.<br />
To minimize L–R energy in the signal, it may be wise to turn off the <strong>9400</strong>’s stereo<br />
enhancer and to operate the digital radio chain’s five-band compressor with 100%<br />
coupling, which prevents the processing from adding L–R energy to the signal. The<br />
only possible exception to this rule is when Band 5 is used as a de-esser. See Excessive<br />
Sibilance (“ess” sounds) in the Digital Radio Channel immediately below.<br />
<strong>AM</strong> Analog and Digital Channels Have Unequal Loudness<br />
Adjust the HD LIMITER DRIVE control in the on-air HD preset to match the loudness of<br />
the two channels. Do not reduce the loudness of the digital channel by turning<br />
down its associated output level control. Using the HD LIMITER DRIVE control to re-